{"product_id":"tdo2-antibody-tryptophan-2-3-dioxygenase-bha17135967","title":"TDO2 Antibody \/ Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO2 Antibody \/ Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is a anti-TDO2 Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat. Reported localization: Cytoplasm.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e TDO2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, FACS, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTDO2 antibody detects tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, a heme-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the kynurenine pathway, converting L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine. The UniProt recommended name is Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). This enzyme regulates systemic tryptophan levels and influences serotonin biosynthesis, immune tolerance, and NAD+ metabolism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctionally, TDO2 antibody identifies a homotetrameric enzyme that incorporates molecular oxygen into the indole ring of tryptophan. The enzyme is predominantly expressed in liver but is inducible in many tumor types. TDO2 activity shapes the immune microenvironment by depleting tryptophan and generating immunosuppressive kynurenine metabolites. This mechanism contributes to tumor immune evasion and cancer progression.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe TDO2 gene is located on chromosome 4q32.1 and encodes a 406-amino-acid protein with a conserved heme-binding pocket. Its expression is transcriptionally induced by glucocorticoids, stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Elevated TDO2 levels have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma, positioning it as a therapeutic target in oncology. TDO2 also regulates neuroactive tryptophan metabolites implicated in mood disorders and neurodegeneration.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePathologically, upregulation of TDO2 disturbs immune cell proliferation and antigen presentation through depletion of tryptophan and accumulation of kynurenine. Inhibiting TDO2 restores T-cell activity and is an emerging immunotherapeutic strategy complementary to checkpoint blockade. In metabolic studies, altered TDO2 activity links to hepatic inflammation and altered redox homeostasis.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTDO2 antibody is widely applied in cancer immunology, metabolism, and neurobiology research. It is suitable for immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme assays detecting TDO2 expression or localization. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructurally, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase possesses a catalytic heme group coordinated by a proximal histidine. Substrate binding induces conformational changes that enhance dioxygen activation. This antibody supports biochemical and translational studies targeting TDO2 for metabolic modulation and immunotherapy development.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry:\u003c\/strong\u003e map target signal in tissue context and compare regions\/phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=TDO2 - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TDO2 - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TDO2 - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/TDO2 - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TDO2+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047310909805,"sku":"FY13065","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_f4e95a71-199f-41e2-9b9f-6b029e39ab45.jpg?v=1782237068","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/tdo2-antibody-tryptophan-2-3-dioxygenase-bha17135967","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}