{"product_id":"tgm4-antibody-transglutaminase-4-bha17136095","title":"TGM4 Antibody \/ Transglutaminase 4","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTGM4 Antibody \/ Transglutaminase 4 is a anti-TGM4 Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e TGM4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTGM4 antibody detects Transglutaminase 4, an enzyme that catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins through ?-(gamma-glutamyl) lysine bonds, contributing to the stabilization of extracellular structures. The UniProt recommended name is Transglutaminase 4 (TGM4). This enzyme is part of the transglutaminase family, which mediates post-translational protein modification and plays critical roles in cell adhesion, differentiation, and reproductive physiology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctionally, TGM4 antibody identifies a 684-amino-acid secreted and membrane-associated protein primarily expressed in the prostate and other reproductive tissues. TGM4 cross-links seminal plasma proteins, forming insoluble networks that contribute to semen coagulation and fertility. It may also participate in epithelial barrier formation and immune defense in the urogenital tract.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe TGM4 gene is located on chromosome 3p21.33 and is expressed in male reproductive tissues and epithelial surfaces. TGM4 activity is regulated by calcium ions and thiol-reactive compounds, influencing enzyme conformation and catalytic activity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePathologically, altered TGM4 expression has been associated with prostate cancer and infertility. Decreased expression correlates with impaired seminal coagulation, while increased levels are observed in prostate tumors and serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Research using TGM4 antibody supports studies in enzymology, reproductive biology, and oncology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTGM4 antibody is validated for western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA to detect transglutaminase enzymes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructurally, Transglutaminase 4 consists of a catalytic core domain containing the active site cysteine, histidine, and aspartate residues, flanked by beta-sandwich and C-terminal domains that mediate substrate binding. This antibody enables analysis of TGM4’s role in cross-linking reactions and reproductive function.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=TGM4 - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TGM4 - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TGM4 - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/TGM4 - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TGM4+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047318380909,"sku":"FY13193","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_a2c87293-ed8f-44ba-8b76-9ef7d026b6ca.jpg?v=1782237069","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/tgm4-antibody-transglutaminase-4-bha17136095","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}