{"product_id":"tmod4-antibody-tropomodulin-4-bha17136266","title":"TMOD4 Antibody \/ Tropomodulin 4","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTMOD4 Antibody \/ Tropomodulin 4 is a anti-TMOD4 Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e TMOD4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTMOD4 antibody detects Tropomodulin 4, a cytoskeletal regulatory protein encoded by the TMOD4 gene on chromosome 1q42.13. TMOD4 belongs to the tropomodulin family of actin filament capping proteins, which regulate actin filament length and stability by binding to the pointed ends of actin filaments. TMOD4 is expressed predominantly in skeletal and cardiac muscle, where it plays a key role in sarcomere organization and contractile function. It contributes to muscle fiber integrity by maintaining thin filament length during myofibril assembly and repair.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructurally, TMOD4 is a globular protein containing actin-binding domains and tropomyosin-binding sites that allow precise regulation of actin filament capping. It belongs to the tropomodulin family, which also includes TMOD1-3, each having distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. TMOD4 interacts directly with actin and tropomyosin to prevent filament depolymerization and elongation, thereby stabilizing the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. Co-localization studies show TMOD4 localized at the pointed ends of actin filaments in muscle cells, particularly within the sarcomeric I-band region.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctionally, TMOD4 regulates muscle development and contractile dynamics. By capping the pointed ends of actin filaments, TMOD4 controls filament length, ensuring proper alignment with myosin filaments for efficient contraction. It also stabilizes actin-tropomyosin interactions, supporting cytoskeletal integrity under mechanical stress. TMOD4 works in concert with leiomodin (LMOD) family members, which promote filament elongation, achieving balance between assembly and stabilization. In skeletal muscle, TMOD4 expression is upregulated during differentiation and regeneration.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMutations in TMOD4 have been associated with congenital myopathies and progressive muscle weakness, reflecting the protein�s essential role in maintaining myofibril structure. Loss of TMOD4 function disrupts sarcomere organization and leads to abnormal filament length regulation. Pathway involvement includes cytoskeletal organization, muscle contraction, and actin filament regulation. During development, TMOD4 expression appears in early myotubes and persists in mature myofibers, highlighting its role in muscle maturation and stability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe TMOD4 antibody from\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=TMOD4 - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TMOD4 - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TMOD4 - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/TMOD4 - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TMOD4+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047323459949,"sku":"FY13364","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_1d0f3a10-9086-4cf8-8798-07d51d704119.jpg?v=1782237108","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/tmod4-antibody-tropomodulin-4-bha17136266","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}