{"product_id":"ttl-antibody-tubulin-tyrosine-ligase-bha17135983","title":"TTL Antibody \/ Tubulin-tyrosine ligase","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTTL Antibody \/ Tubulin-tyrosine ligase is a anti-TTL Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), ELISA with listed reactivity in Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e TTL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTTL antibody detects Tubulin-tyrosine ligase, an essential enzyme responsible for post-translational modification of alpha-tubulin through the addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue. The UniProt recommended name is Tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL). This cytosolic enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent retyrosination of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin, maintaining the dynamic equilibrium between tyrosinated and detyrosinated microtubules crucial for cytoskeletal organization and intracellular transport.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctionally, TTL antibody identifies a 377-amino-acid enzyme that activates free tyrosine and transfers it to the exposed C-terminal glutamate of alpha-tubulin. This reversible modification, known as the tubulin tyrosination cycle, is fundamental to microtubule turnover, stability, and interactions with motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein. TTL activity regulates cell polarity, mitotic spindle assembly, and vesicle trafficking by modulating microtubule dynamics.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe TTL gene is located on chromosome 2q13 and is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. TTL's enzymatic cycle complements that of tubulin carboxypeptidase, ensuring balanced tyrosination of alpha-tubulin. This modification acts as a spatial cue for motor proteins and microtubule-associated proteins that distinguish dynamic from stable microtubules.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePathologically, loss or suppression of TTL expression has been linked to tumor progression, neurodegeneration, and impaired axonal transport. In cancer, reduced TTL correlates with increased detyrosinated tubulin, enhancing cell migration and invasion. In neurons, TTL deficiency disturbs axonal guidance and synaptic function. Research using TTL antibody helps elucidate these processes by revealing spatial and temporal patterns of tubulin modification.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTTL antibody is suitable for western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence to detect tyrosinated tubulin and monitor microtubule dynamics. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructurally, TTL contains an ATP-grasp catalytic fold that binds tyrosine and alpha-tubulin. The enzyme's activity depends on its recognition of the unmodified C-terminus of alpha-tubulin and coordination of divalent cations for catalysis. This antibody enables researchers to investigate tubulin modification, microtubule behavior, and cellular architecture regulation.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=TTL - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TTL - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TTL - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/TTL - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TTL+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047311597933,"sku":"FY13081","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_f2b4f44a-3dc3-49f5-9a14-22547c9fa647.jpg?v=1782237100","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/ttl-antibody-tubulin-tyrosine-ligase-bha17135983","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}