{"product_id":"twnk-antibody-twinkle-bha17135738","title":"TWNK Antibody \/ Twinkle","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTWNK Antibody \/ Twinkle is a anti-TWNK Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e TWNK\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eTWNK antibody detects Twinkle, a mitochondrial DNA helicase essential for mtDNA replication and maintenance. Encoded by the TWNK gene on chromosome 10q24.31, this nuclear-encoded protein is imported into mitochondria, where it unwinds double-stranded DNA to facilitate replication of the mitochondrial genome. Twinkle is a member of the replicative helicase family related to bacteriophage T7 gene 4 helicase-primase, and it plays a vital role in mtDNA stability and copy number control.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructurally, Twinkle forms a hexameric ring that encircles DNA and uses ATP hydrolysis to unwind duplex strands at replication forks. It cooperates with mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) and mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB) to sustain replication fidelity and genome integrity. Twinkle localizes to mitochondrial nucleoids, the structures where replication and transcription occur.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe TWNK antibody is widely used in mitochondrial biology, genetics, and metabolic research to study mtDNA replication, maintenance, and disorders of mitochondrial dysfunction. Western blot analysis detects a 77 kilodalton band corresponding to Twinkle, while immunofluorescence reveals mitochondrial localization with a punctate pattern. This antibody supports investigations into mechanisms of mtDNA propagation and repair.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMutations in TWNK cause autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes, leading to neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Dysfunctional Twinkle results in replication stalling, deletions, and depletion of mitochondrial DNA. The TWNK antibody provides a reliable tool for studying mitochondrial replication machinery, genome stability, and related diseases.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=TWNK - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TWNK - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TWNK - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/TWNK - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TWNK+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047303405933,"sku":"FY12836","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_a74480f8-6220-48bb-9e9c-1edf11ab3443.jpg?v=1782237061","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/twnk-antibody-twinkle-bha17135738","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}