| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Species |
THP1 cells, a spontaneously immortalized monocyte-like cell line derived from the peripheral blood of a 1-year-old monocytic leukemia patient, serve as a critical model in immunological and cancer research. The THP-1 monocyte cell line, known for its ability to differentiate into mature macrophage and dendritic cells, is essential for studying the functions and properties of these immune cells in vitro, including adipose tissue macrophages and M2 mononuclear phagocytes.
THP-1 differentiated macrophages are instrumental in exploring monocyte and macrophage functions, mechanisms, signalling pathways, including cytokine activation and immune modulation, and studying nutrient and drug transport. Further, THP-1 macrophages can be polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages, crucial for studies on immunity and inflammation, innate immunity, and inflammatory responses.
In the context of metabolic and inflammatory diseases, THP-1 cells help explore cytokine profiles, including inflammatory cytokines, and their impact on conditions like human adipocyte apoptosis, illustrating the interplay between inflammation and metabolic health.
Notably, the THP-1 cell line allows for comparative studies with other monocytic leukemia cells and cell lines like U937, facilitating a deeper understanding of monocyte and macrophage biology across different models.
In summary, the THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line stands as a valuable tool for a myriad of research avenues, from investigating the intricate mechanisms of the immune system and its role in cancer to understanding the cellular and molecular underpinnings of immune modulation, cytokine activation, and cell proliferation. Its ability to mimic human macrophages and dendritic cells, combined with the ease of manipulation and fast growth rate, cements its status as a widely used cell line in biological and medical research, offering insights into the cellular basis of immunity and inflammation, the response of cancer cells, and the potential for therapeutic intervention.
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- Receptors expressed: HLA haplotypes: HLA-A2, -A9, -B5, -DRw1, -DRw2Fc, C3b
- Isoenzymes: The human THP-1 cell line expresses low levels of CD4, CCR5, and CxCR4, making it relevant to HIV infection studies. However, they express low levels of CD14 and not CD80, CD86, CD11b, CD11c, Mertk, or CD1a, making them a poor model for primary monocytes regarding LPS responses.
- Products: Lysozyme
- Karyotype: THP-1 cells are near-diploid and contain two related subclones with genetic aberrations.
- cultureMedium: RPMI 1640, w: 2.0 mM stable Glutamine, w: 2.0 g/L NaHCO3 (Cytion article number 820700a)
- supplements: Supplement the medium with 10% heat-inactivated FBS
- doublingTime: The population doubling time of human THP-1 cells ranges from 19 to 50 hours, with an average of around 35 hours.
- subculturing: Gently homogenize the cell suspension in the flask by pipetting up and down, then take a representative sample to determine the cell density per ml. Dilute the suspension to achieve a cell concentration of 1 x 105 cells/ml with fresh culture medium, and aliquot the adjusted suspension into new flasks for further cultivation.
- seedingDensity: 0.5 x 106 cells/mL
- fluidRenewal: 2 to 3 times per week
- freezeMedium: As a cryopreservation medium, use complete growth medium (including FBS) + 10% DMSO for adequate post-thaw viability, or CM-1 (Cytion catalog number 800100), which includes optimized osmoprotectants and metabolic stabilizers to enhance recovery and reduce cryo-induced stress.
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