Anti-NF-kB p65/RELA Antibody Picoband®

Overview

This antibody is intended for detection of RELA (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality/clone information, and detection modality.

Vendor notes: Boster Bio Anti-NF-kB p65/RELA Antibody Picoband® catalog # A00284-1. Tested in ELISA, Flow Cytometry, IF, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.

Key elements and design rationale

• Antibody format: Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
• Immunogen / epitope context: E. coli-derived human NF-kB p65 recombinant protein (Position: F99-S551). (reported region: F99-S551).
• Molecular weight context: reported MW: 70 kDa; calculated MW: 68762 MW
• Reactivity: Human,Mouse,Rat
• Applications: ELISA, Flow Cytometry, IF, ICC, WB

As a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.

Biological background

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1; v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A. Transcription factor p65, also known as NFKB3 or NF-kB p65, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RELA gene. It is mapped to 11q13.1. NFKB is an essential transcription factor complex involved in all types of cellular processes, including cellular metabolism, chemotaxis, etc, and it may play a role in inflammatory conditions of the peripheral nervous system. Phosphorylation and acetylation of NFKB3 are crucial post-translational modifications required for NFKB activation. It has also been shown to modulate immune responses, and activation of NFKB3 is positively associated with multiple types of cancer. In addition to that, NFKB3 antagonizes TNFR1-JNK proliferative signals in epidermis and plays a nonredundant role in restraining epidermal growth. Functional note: NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. NF-kappa-B heterodimeric p65-p50 and p65-c-Rel complexes are transcriptional activators. The NF-kappa-B p65-p65 complex appears to be involved in invasin-mediated activation of IL-8 expression. The inhibitory effect of I-kappa-B upon NF-kappa-B the cytoplasm is exerted primarily through the interaction with p65. p65 shows a weak DNA-binding site which could contribute ly to DNA binding in the NF-kappa-B complex. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with DDX1. Essential for cytokine gene expression in T-cells (PubMed:15790681). Reported localization: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Colocalized with DDX1 in the nucleus upon TNF-alpha induction (By similarity). Nuclear, but also found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form complexed to an inhibitor (I-kappa-B). Colocalizes with GFI1 in the nucleus after LPS stimulation. Expression/tissue context: Widely expressed. Isoform 1 and isoform 3 are predominant. Isoform 4, isoform 5 and isoform 6 are expressed moderately. Isoform 8 is found at low frequency. Isoform 7, isoform 9 and isoform 10 are not expressed in adult tissues, with the exception of adult retina expressing isoform 10. Isoform 9 is faintly expressed in fetal brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle and spleen. Fetal thymus expresses isoforms 1, 7, 9 and 10 at similar levels.

Research relevance and current trends

• Apoptosis: Researchers commonly examine how RELA (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.
• Apoptotic Markers: Researchers commonly examine how RELA (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.
• Cancer: Researchers commonly examine how RELA (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.

Common research applications

• Western blotting: compare relative RELA (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.
• IF/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.
• Flow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.
• ELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.

Notes for experimental interpretation

• Specificity notes: No cross reactivity with other proteins.
• Cross-reactivity: No cross-reactivity with other proteins.
• Isoforms and PTMs: Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.
• Controls: Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD/KO samples when available.

Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.