Anti-Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Overview

This product is an anti-WARS antibody for target detection and characterization. Key identifiers include host species: Rabbit; Monoclonal; clone 21W78; isotype IgG; reactivity: Human. Reported application contexts include WB, IHC, ICC, IF, IP, Flow (as provided in the source record). Boster Bio Anti-Tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody catalog # M02444. Tested in WB, IHC, ICC/IF, IP, Flow Cytometry applications. This antibody reacts with Human.

Key elements and design rationale

• Target: WARS (Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19).
• Antibody format: Monoclonal; clone 21W78; isotype IgG.
• Host: Rabbit.
• Species reactivity: Human (confirm in your model system with appropriate controls).

This description is intended to help interpret the antibody design and the biological context of the target using the fields provided in the catalog record, alongside general experimental considerations.

Biological background

WARS (protein: T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain) is a commonly studied target in molecular and cellular biology. Functional context (as provided): Ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a core component of several complexes mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair. Core component of the PRP19C/Prp19 complex/NTC/Nineteen complex which is part of the spliceosome and participates in its assembly, its remodeling and is required for its activity. During assembly of the spliceosome, mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the U4 spliceosomal protein PRPF3. Ubiquitination of PRPF3 allows its recognition by the U5 component PRPF8 and stabilizes the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP spliceosomal complex (PubMed:20595234). Recruited to RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) and the pre-mRNA, it may also couple the transcriptional and spliceosomal machineries (PubMed:21536736). The XAB2 complex, which contains PRPF19, is also involved in pre- mRNA splicing, transcription and transcription-coupled repair (PubMed:17981804). Beside its role in pre-mRNA splicing PRPF19, as part of the PRP19-CDC5L complex, plays a role in the DNA damage response/DDR. It is recruited to the sites of DNA damage by the RPA complex where PRPF19 ly ubiquitinates RPA1 and RPA2. 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the RPA complex allows the recruitment of the ATR-ATRIP complex and the activation of ATR, a master regulator of the DNA damage response (PubMed:24332808). May also play a role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by recruiting the repair factor SETMAR to altered DNA (PubMed:18263876). As part of the PSO4 complex may also be involved in the DNA interstrand cross-links/ICLs repair process (PubMed:16223718). In addition, may also mediate 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates and play a role in proteasomal degradation (PubMed:11435423). May play a role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets (By similarity). May play a role in neural differentiation possibly through its function as part of the spliceosome (By similarity). . Reported cellular localization context: Nucleus . Nucleus, nucleoplasm . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle . Cytoplasm . Lipid droplet . Nucleoplasmic in interphase cells. Irregularly distributed in anaphase cells. In prophase cells, uniformly distributed, but not associated with condensing chromosomes. Found in extrachromosomal regions in metaphase cells. Mainly localized to the mitotic spindle apparatus when chromosomes segregate during anaphase. When nuclei reform during late telophase, uniformly distributed in daughter cells and displays no preferred association with decondensing chromatin. Recruited on damaged DNA at sites of double-strand break. . Tissue expression notes (as provided): Ubiquitous. Weakly expressed in senescent cells of different tissue origins. Highly expressed in tumor cell lines. .

Research relevance and current trends

• Research context keywords from the source record include: Adapters,Cell Type Marker,Cytoplasmic,Neural Signal Transduction,Neurology Process,Neuron Marker,Neuroscience,Signal Transduction,Signaling Pathways,Stem Cells,Synapse Marker.
• Current studies often focus on connecting target abundance/localization to pathway perturbations across models, tissues, and cell states.
• Quantitative and multiplexed assays (e.g., imaging + immunoblot panels) are commonly used to compare phenotypes across conditions and time-courses.

Common research applications

• Western blotting (WB): assess relative target abundance across samples, treatments, or time-points.
• Immunohistochemistry (IHC): evaluate spatial distribution of target-positive staining in tissue architecture.
• Immunofluorescence/ICC (IF/ICC): visualize subcellular localization patterns and cell-to-cell heterogeneity.
• Flow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and compare shifts in marker distributions.
• Immunoprecipitation (IP): enrich target complexes for downstream immunoblot or interaction analyses.

Workflow ideas (metafield): Validate WARS antibody specificity using KO/KD control samples (WB/IF/IHC as appropriate), Detect WARS expression by Western blot in cell or tissue lysates, Detect WARS in FFPE tissue sections by immunohistochemistry, Localize WARS by immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry in cultured cells, Quantify WARS-positive cells by flow cytometry in single-cell suspensions, Enrich WARS by immunoprecipitation from lysates for downstream analysis

Notes for experimental interpretation

• Consider isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs) that may shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility.
• Apparent molecular weight may vary by sample type and processing (observed MW: 53 kDa; calculated MW: 55181 MW).
• Control concepts: include appropriate negative controls (e.g., isotype, KO/KD samples) and orthogonal validation when feasible.

Additional product details (from the source record)

• Molecular weight (observed): 53 kDa
• Cellular localization (provided): Nucleus . Nucleus, nucleoplasm . Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle . Cytoplasm . Lipid droplet . Nucleoplasmic in interphase cells. Irregularly distributed in anaphase cells. In prophase cells, uniformly distributed, but not associated with condensing chromosomes. Found in extrachromosomal regions in metaphase cells. Mainly localized to the mitotic spindle apparatus when chromosomes segregate during anaphase. When nuclei reform during late telophase, uniformly distributed in daughter cells and displays no preferred association with decondensing chromatin. Recruited on damaged DNA at sites of double-strand break. .
• Tissue details (provided): Ubiquitous. Weakly expressed in senescent cells of different tissue origins. Highly expressed in tumor cell lines. .

Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.