NFκB-p105/p50 Polyclonal Antibody

What it means: Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple B-cell clones, each recognizing a distinct epitope on the target protein — giving Polyclonal antibodies a broad epitope coverage.

Why it matters:

• Polyclonal antibodies typically deliver stronger signal in Western blot and IHC because multiple epitopes remain accessible even after SDS denaturation or fixation, reducing the risk of a false-negative result.
• Greater tolerance for antigen sequence variation across species makes Polyclonal reagents well-suited for studies that span human, mouse, and rat samples in the same experiment.

How to interpret here: Expect robust, high-sensitivity detection with this Polyclonal antibody. Because multiple clones contribute to the signal, titrate carefully — the optimal concentration may be lower than expected. Lot-to-lot variation is possible; validate each lot against a known-positive control.

What it means: This antibody was raised in Rabbit, producing high-affinity IgG with long CDR3 loops that confer exceptional epitope recognition. Anti-rabbit HRP, fluorochrome, and biotin secondary antibodies are universally available across all major suppliers.

Why it matters:

• The Rabbit host species determines which secondary antibody you need for indirect detection — select an anti-Rabbit IgG secondary matched to your detection label (HRP, fluorochrome, or biotin).
• Rabbit-derived antibodies pair optimally with anti-rabbit secondary antibodies. Avoid using rabbit-derived secondary antibodies in experiments involving rabbit tissue — use species-absorbed secondaries or recombinant secondaries instead.

How to interpret here: Confirm availability of an anti-Rabbit secondary antibody in your lab before ordering. For multiplex IF, pair this Rabbit-raised antibody with antibodies from a different host species to avoid secondary antibody cross-reactivity.

What it means: Unconjugated format means no detection label is attached to this antibody — you supply a compatible secondary antibody or detection reagent of your choice.

Why it matters:

• The Unconjugated format gives maximum flexibility: pair with HRP-, fluorochrome-, or biotin-conjugated secondary antibodies matched to your detection platform, enabling use across WB, IHC, IF, and ELISA without ordering separate conjugated primary formats.
• Signal amplification is possible by using a biotinylated secondary followed by a streptavidin-enzyme conjugate, which is not available with directly conjugated primary antibodies.

How to interpret here: Select an anti-host-species secondary antibody conjugated to your preferred detection label. For most indirect detection workflows, the Unconjugated primary antibody is the recommended starting format.

What it means: IgG is the immunoglobulin class and subclass of this antibody, defining its constant-region structure and effector functions.

Why it matters:

• Isotype IgG determines which secondary antibody constant-region specificities are compatible — isotype-specific anti-IgG1 or anti-IgG2a secondaries enable discrimination of co-stained antibodies from the same host species in multiplex experiments.
• For functional assays, isotype identity guides selection of Fc-receptor binding controls and isotype-matched negative controls required for rigorous experimental design.

How to interpret here: Use a negative control of the same isotype (IgG) to assess non-specific binding in your assay. If performing multiplex staining with multiple antibodies from the same species, select isotype-specific secondary antibodies to resolve each IgG signal independently.

What it means: Affinity Purification means this antibody was isolated using antigen- or protein-specific ligand chromatography, selectively retaining immunoglobulins that bind the target.

Why it matters:

• Affinity Purification removes non-specific serum proteins and irrelevant immunoglobulins, delivering a high-purity preparation that minimizes background noise in sensitive applications such as IHC, IF, and flow cytometry.
• Antibodies purified by Affinity Purification methods generally exhibit higher specific activity per milligram, allowing use at lower concentrations — important for reducing cost-per-experiment in large-scale studies.

How to interpret here: The Affinity Purification process confirms that the active immunoglobulin fraction has been enriched. Follow the recommended dilution on the datasheet; avoid over-concentrating in reconstitution to maintain solubility.

What it means: This antibody has been experimentally validated for 3 applications: Western Blot, IHC (Paraffin), IF/ICC.

Why it matters:

• Western Blot
• IHC (Paraffin)
• IF/ICC
• Each listed application represents an independently optimized protocol — not a theoretical prediction — giving you confidence that the antibody will perform reliably when used at the recommended conditions for that technique.

How to interpret here: Select the application that matches your assay (Western Blot, IHC (Paraffin), IF/ICC) and refer to the datasheet for the validated dilution range specific to each technique. Using this antibody outside the listed validated applications requires independent optimization and performance verification.