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| Immunogen | Amino acids EQWAREIGAQLRRMADDLNAQYE were used as the immunogen for the PUMA antibody. |
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Overview
PUMA Antibody (alpha/beta) / BBC3 is an antibody targeting PUMA, raised in Rabbit for protein detection and localization studies where these specifications are required.
Key elements and design rationale
- Target: PUMA.
- Antibody identity: Polyclonal (rabbit origin); Rabbit IgG.
- Conjugate/label: Unconjugated (affects detection chemistry and multiplex compatibility).
- Format: Antigen affinity purified.
- Species reactivity: Human.
- Listed applications: WB (refer to on-page specifications for application-specific guidance).
Biological background
Bcl-2-binding component 3, isoforms 1/2 (BBC3), also called p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. The gene is located at 19q. The transcript is contained within 4 exons, with the presumptive initiation codon in exon 2. The predicted 193-amino acid PUMA protein shares 91% amino acid identity with the murine sequence. Bcl-2 family members can form hetero- or homodimers, and they act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The expression of PUMA is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53, and the protein has been shown to be involved in p53-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, PUMA encodes two BH3 domain-containing proteins, PUMA-alpha and PUMA-beta, that are produced through the use of an alternative first exon and are induced in cells following p53 activation. Furthermore, PUMA couples the nuclear and cytoplasmic proapoptotic functions of p53.
Research relevance and current trends
- Comparative expression profiling across cell types, tissues, or perturbations (e.g., drug treatment, genetic editing, or differentiation).
- Subcellular localization and trafficking studies, including co-localization with pathway markers in microscopy-based assays.
- Integration of protein-level measurements with transcriptomics or proteomics to relate abundance to regulation and phenotype.
Common research applications
- Western blotting: researchers commonly compare relative signal levels across conditions and use appropriate negative/positive controls for interpretation.
Interpretation should account for antibody-dependent factors such as epitope accessibility, isoforms, and sample preparation differences across workflows.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Isoforms and PTMs: many targets have multiple isoforms and post-translational modifications that can shift apparent signal or localization; interpret bands/signals accordingly.
- Epitope context: binding can depend on protein conformation and sample processing; region information in the title/immunogen can help anticipate what may be detected.
- Species differences: predicted or validated reactivity may vary by ortholog sequence and sample context; confirm in your model system.
- Control concepts: include negative controls (no-primary/isotype), and where possible genetic controls (KO/KD) or independent antibodies to strengthen conclusions.
Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.
