| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Clonality | |
| Host | |
| Immunogen | E.coli-derived human TMOD4 recombinant protein (Position: D17-R345) was used as the immunogen for the TMOD4 antibody. |
| Isotype | |
| Product Type | |
| Purity | |
| Reactivity | |
| Storage | |
| Target | |
| UniProt # |
Overview
TMOD4 Antibody / Tropomodulin 4 is a anti-TMOD4 Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat.
Key elements and design rationale
- Target: TMOD4
- Antibody details: Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG
- Format: Lyophilized
- Applications (as listed): WB, FACS, ELISA
Biological background
Structurally, TMOD4 is a globular protein containing actin-binding domains and tropomyosin-binding sites that allow precise regulation of actin filament capping. It belongs to the tropomodulin family, which also includes TMOD1-3, each having distinct tissue-specific expression patterns. TMOD4 interacts directly with actin and tropomyosin to prevent filament depolymerization and elongation, thereby stabilizing the sarcomeric cytoskeleton. Co-localization studies show TMOD4 localized at the pointed ends of actin filaments in muscle cells, particularly within the sarcomeric I-band region.
Functionally, TMOD4 regulates muscle development and contractile dynamics. By capping the pointed ends of actin filaments, TMOD4 controls filament length, ensuring proper alignment with myosin filaments for efficient contraction. It also stabilizes actin-tropomyosin interactions, supporting cytoskeletal integrity under mechanical stress. TMOD4 works in concert with leiomodin (LMOD) family members, which promote filament elongation, achieving balance between assembly and stabilization. In skeletal muscle, TMOD4 expression is upregulated during differentiation and regeneration.
Mutations in TMOD4 have been associated with congenital myopathies and progressive muscle weakness, reflecting the protein�s essential role in maintaining myofibril structure. Loss of TMOD4 function disrupts sarcomere organization and leads to abnormal filament length regulation. Pathway involvement includes cytoskeletal organization, muscle contraction, and actin filament regulation. During development, TMOD4 expression appears in early myotubes and persists in mature myofibers, highlighting its role in muscle maturation and stability.
The TMOD4 antibody from
Research relevance and current trends
- Connecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).
- Considering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.
- Comparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.
Common research applications
- Western blotting: compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.
- Flow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.
- ELISA: support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.
Interpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Signal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.
- Species differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.
Antibody notes: Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.
Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.
