| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Clonality | |
| Host | |
| Immunogen | E.coli-derived human TTL recombinant protein (Position: N104-L377) was used as the immunogen for the TTL antibody. |
| Isotype | |
| Product Type | |
| Purity | |
| Reactivity | |
| Storage | |
| Target | |
| UniProt # |
Overview
TTL Antibody / Tubulin-tyrosine ligase is a anti-TTL Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), ELISA with listed reactivity in Mouse, Rat.
Key elements and design rationale
- Target: TTL
- Antibody details: Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG
- Format: Lyophilized
- Applications (as listed): WB, ELISA
Biological background
Functionally, TTL antibody identifies a 377-amino-acid enzyme that activates free tyrosine and transfers it to the exposed C-terminal glutamate of alpha-tubulin. This reversible modification, known as the tubulin tyrosination cycle, is fundamental to microtubule turnover, stability, and interactions with motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein. TTL activity regulates cell polarity, mitotic spindle assembly, and vesicle trafficking by modulating microtubule dynamics.
The TTL gene is located on chromosome 2q13 and is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. TTL's enzymatic cycle complements that of tubulin carboxypeptidase, ensuring balanced tyrosination of alpha-tubulin. This modification acts as a spatial cue for motor proteins and microtubule-associated proteins that distinguish dynamic from stable microtubules.
Pathologically, loss or suppression of TTL expression has been linked to tumor progression, neurodegeneration, and impaired axonal transport. In cancer, reduced TTL correlates with increased detyrosinated tubulin, enhancing cell migration and invasion. In neurons, TTL deficiency disturbs axonal guidance and synaptic function. Research using TTL antibody helps elucidate these processes by revealing spatial and temporal patterns of tubulin modification.
TTL antibody is suitable for western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence to detect tyrosinated tubulin and monitor microtubule dynamics.
Structurally, TTL contains an ATP-grasp catalytic fold that binds tyrosine and alpha-tubulin. The enzyme's activity depends on its recognition of the unmodified C-terminus of alpha-tubulin and coordination of divalent cations for catalysis. This antibody enables researchers to investigate tubulin modification, microtubule behavior, and cellular architecture regulation.
Research relevance and current trends
- Connecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).
- Considering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.
- Comparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.
Common research applications
- Western blotting: compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.
- ELISA: support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.
Interpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Signal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.
- Species differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.
Antibody notes: Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.
Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.
