| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Accession Number | |
| Alternative Names | Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19 |
| Clonality | |
| Conjugate | |
| Host | |
| Isotype | |
| Product Type | |
| Reactivity | |
| Shipping | |
| Storage | |
| Target |
Overview
Anti-GPR4 (extracellular) Antibody is an antibody targeting Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19 Polyclonal raised in Rabbit (Unconjugated). This antibody is commonly used in IFC, IHC, LCI, WB to detect, localize, or compare expression of the target across samples.
Key elements and design rationale
- Target: Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19 (also reported as Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19).
- Immunogen/epitope region: 2nd extracellular loop.
- Homology note: Rat, mouse, human - 15/16 amino acid residues identical (informative for cross-species interpretation).
- Species reactivity (as provided): Human, Rat, Mouse.
- Lot quality control (as provided): Western blot analysis.
- Peptide confirmation: Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry.
- Blocking peptide: Available for antigen preadsorption control where appropriate.
- Conjugate/format: Unconjugated (may affect detection channel and background).
These attributes help researchers interpret whether signal reflects the intended target in a given assay and sample context.
Biological background
G-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) belongs to a protein family comprised of 3 related G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): GPR4, OGR1/GPR68 and TDAG8/GPR65. Like all GPCRs, GPR4's structure is composed of seven-transmembrane-spanning domains linked by an N-terminal extracellular domain and a C-terminal intracellular domain2.GPR4 responds to pH changes and is activated by a physiological increase in extracellular H+ through several signaling pathways including- the G12/13-protein/Rho, the Gq/PLC, and the Gs-protein/cAMP pathway1,2. It is fully activated at pH levels of 6.8 and lower and is inactive at pH levels of 7.5 and higher3,4.Recent studies show that the pH-sensing GPCRs also have the ability to regulate cancer cell metastasis and proliferation, immune cell function, inflammation, blood vessel formation, endothelial barrier function thus making them an important therapeutic target for different diseases.
Research relevance and current trends
- Comparing target expression across perturbations, genotypes, or treatment conditions.
- Interpreting localization shifts alongside pathway or phenotypic readouts.
- Using orthogonal controls (KO/KD, peptide competition, isotype concepts) to support conclusions.
Common research applications
- Western blot (WB): compare target abundance/size across lysates and conditions; consider isoforms/PTMs.
- Immunohistochemistry (IHC): examine spatial distribution in tissue and relate signal to cell-type composition.
- Immunofluorescence/ICC: assess subcellular localization and co-localization with markers in cells or sections.
- Flow cytometry (direct/indirect): quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression across subsets.
- Live cell imaging (LCI): support extracellular-epitope detection on non-permeabilized cells when appropriate.
Interpretation typically benefits from comparing matched sample sets (e.g., treated vs control, WT vs KO/KD) and using orthogonal readouts where feasible.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Isoforms and post-translational modifications can shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility across samples.
- Cross-species signal may depend on epitope conservation; consult the provided homology note when selecting models.
- Permeabilization, fixation, and antigen retrieval can change accessibility of intracellular vs extracellular epitopes.
- Conceptual control: antigen preadsorption (blocking peptide) can help assess signal dependence on the immunogen region.
- Provided control suggestions: Negative control: BLP-GR041.
- Application notes: see product-specific dilution/usage notes and control concepts provided in the dataset.
Application abbreviations: CBE- Cell-based ELISA, FC- Flow cytometry, ICC- Immunocytochemistry, IE- Indirect ELISA, IF- Immunofluorescence, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, LCI- Live cell imaging, N- Neutralization, WB- Western blot. Species abbreviations: H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat.
Recommended controls: Blocking peptide: BLP-GR041; Negative control: BLP-GR041.
Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.
