Anti-PON1 Monoclonal Antibody

Overview

This product is an anti-PON1 antibody for target detection and characterization. Key identifiers include host species: Rabbit; Monoclonal; clone ACAG-16; isotype Rabbit IgG; reactivity: Human,Mouse,Rat. Reported application contexts include WB, IP (as provided in the source record). Boster Bio Anti-PON1 Monoclonal Antibody catalog # M00516-3. Tested in WB, IP applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat.

Key elements and design rationale

• Target: PON1 (Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5).
• Antibody format: Monoclonal; clone ACAG-16; isotype Rabbit IgG.
• Host: Rabbit.
• Species reactivity: Human,Mouse,Rat (confirm in your model system with appropriate controls).

This description is intended to help interpret the antibody design and the biological context of the target using the fields provided in the catalog record, alongside general experimental considerations.

Biological background

PON1 (protein: T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4) is a commonly studied target in molecular and cellular biology. Functional context (as provided): Proline-ed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3- type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neuronal development and physiological processes including neuronal survival, migration and differentiation, axonal and neurite growth, synaptogenesis, oligodendrocyte differentiation, synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission, by phosphorylating key proteins. Activated by interaction with CDK5R1 (p35) and CDK5R2 (p39), especially in post-mitotic neurons, and promotes CDK5R1 (p35) expression in an autostimulation loop. Phosphorylates many downstream substrates such as Rho and Ras family small GTPases (e.g. PAK1, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42) or microtubule-binding proteins (e.g. MAPT/TAU, MAP2, MAP1B), and modulates actin dynamics to regulate neurite growth and/or spine morphogenesis. Phosphorylates also exocytosis associated proteins such as MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, and CDK16/PCTAIRE1 as well as endocytosis associated proteins such as DNM1, AMPH and SYNJ1 at synaptic terminals. In the mature central nervous system (CNS), regulates neurotransmitter movements by phosphorylating substrates associated with neurotransmitter release and synapse plasticity; synaptic vesicle exocytosis, vesicles fusion with the presynaptic membrane, and endocytosis. Promotes cell survival by activating anti-apoptotic proteins BCL2 and STAT3, and negatively regulating of JNK3/MAPK10 activity. Phosphorylation of p53/TP53 in response to genotoxic and oxidative stresses enhances its stabilization by preventing ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation, and induces transactivation of p53/TP53 target genes, thus regulating apoptosis. Phosphorylation of p35/CDK5R1 enhances its stabilization by preventing calpain-mediated proteolysis producing p25/CDK5R1 and avoiding ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation. During aberrant cell-cycle activity and DNA damage, p25/CDK5 activity elicits cell-cycle activity and double-strand DNA breaks that precedes neuronal death by deregulating HDAC1. DNA damage triggered phosphorylation of huntingtin/HTT in nuclei of neurons protects neurons against polyglutamine expansion as well as DNA damage mediated toxicity. Phosphorylation of PXN reduces its interaction with PTK2/FAK1 in matrix-cell focal adhesions (MCFA) during oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation. Negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Activator of the GAIT (IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation) pathway, which suppresses expression of a post-transcriptional regulon of proinflammatory genes in myeloid cells; phosphorylates the linker domain of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) in a IFN-gamma- dependent manner, the initial event in assembly of the GAIT complex. Phosphorylation of SH3GLB1 is required for autophagy induction in starved neurons. Phosphorylation of TONEBP/NFAT5 in response to osmotic stress mediates its rapid nuclear localization. MEF2 is inactivated by phosphorylation in nucleus in response to neurotoxin, thus leading to neuronal apoptosis. APEX1 AP-endodeoxyribonuclease is repressed by phosphorylation, resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death. NOS3 phosphorylation down regulates NOS3-derived nitrite (NO) levels. SRC phosphorylation mediates its ubiquitin- dependent degradation and thus leads to cytoskeletal reorganization. May regulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis via the modulation of lamellipodia formation. Involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis by mediating the EFNA1- EPHA4 signaling. The complex p35/CDK5 participates in the regulation of the circadian clock by modulating the function of CLOCK protein: phosphorylates CLOCK at 'Thr-451' and 'Thr-461' and regulates the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer in association with altered stability and subcellular distribution. . Reported cellular localization context: Isoform 1: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Perikaryon. Cell projection, lamellipodium . Cell projection, growth cone . Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane, postsynaptic density . In axonal growth cone with extension to the peripheral lamellipodia (By similarity). Under neurotoxic stress and neuronal injury conditions, CDK5R (p35) is cleaved by calpain to generate CDK5R1 (p25) in response to increased intracellular calcium. The elevated level of p25, when in complex with CDK5, leads to its subcellular misallocation as well as its hyperactivation. Colocalizes with CTNND2 in the cell body of neuronal cells, and with CTNNB1 in the cell-cell contacts and plasma membrane of undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Reversibly attached to the plasma membrane in an inactive form when complexed to dephosphorylated p35 or CDK5R2 (p39), p35 phosphorylation releases this attachment and activates CDK5. . Tissue expression notes (as provided): Isoform 1 is ubiquitously expressed. Accumulates in cortical neurons (at protein level). Isoform 2 has only been detected in testis, skeletal muscle, colon, bone marrow and ovary. .

Research relevance and current trends

• Research context keywords from the source record include: Atherosclerosis,Cancer,Cardiovascular,Cell Biology,Diabetes,Diabetes-associated,Drug Metabolism,Heart Disease,Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism,Lipid Metabolism,Lipids/Lipoproteins,Metabolic Signaling Pathways,Metabolism,Neurodegenerative Disease,Neurology Process,Neuroscience,Oxidative Stress,Pathways and Processes,Redox Metabolism,Signal Transduction.
• Current studies often focus on connecting target abundance/localization to pathway perturbations across models, tissues, and cell states.
• Quantitative and multiplexed assays (e.g., imaging + immunoblot panels) are commonly used to compare phenotypes across conditions and time-courses.

Common research applications

• Western blotting (WB): assess relative target abundance across samples, treatments, or time-points.
• Immunoprecipitation (IP): enrich target complexes for downstream immunoblot or interaction analyses.

Workflow ideas (metafield): Validate PON1 antibody specificity using KO/KD control samples (WB/IF/IHC as appropriate), Detect PON1 expression by Western blot in cell or tissue lysates, Enrich PON1 by immunoprecipitation from lysates for downstream analysis

Notes for experimental interpretation

• Consider isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs) that may shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility.
• Apparent molecular weight may vary by sample type and processing (observed MW: 61 kDa; calculated MW: 33304 MW).
• Control concepts: include appropriate negative controls (e.g., isotype, KO/KD samples) and orthogonal validation when feasible.

Additional product details (from the source record)

• Molecular weight (observed): 61 kDa
• Cellular localization (provided): Isoform 1: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Perikaryon. Cell projection, lamellipodium . Cell projection, growth cone . Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane, postsynaptic density . In axonal growth cone with extension to the peripheral lamellipodia (By similarity). Under neurotoxic stress and neuronal injury conditions, CDK5R (p35) is cleaved by calpain to generate CDK5R1 (p25) in response to increased intracellular calcium. The elevated level of p25, when in complex with CDK5, leads to its subcellular misallocation as well as its hyperactivation. Colocalizes with CTNND2 in the cell body of neuronal cells, and with CTNNB1 in the cell-cell contacts and plasma membrane of undifferentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Reversibly attached to the plasma membrane in an inactive form when complexed to dephosphorylated p35 or CDK5R2 (p39), p35 phosphorylation releases this attachment and activates CDK5. .
• Tissue details (provided): Isoform 1 is ubiquitously expressed. Accumulates in cortical neurons (at protein level). Isoform 2 has only been detected in testis, skeletal muscle, colon, bone marrow and ovary. .

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