| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Accession Number | |
| Activity | |
| Alternative Names | U7-theraphotoxin Cg1a, JZTX-2, Peptide F2-32.19 |
| Concentration | |
| Form | Lyophilized |
| Formulation | |
| Gene ID | |
| Molecular Weight | |
| Product Type | |
| Purity | |
| Reconstitution | |
| Solubility | Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes) to spin down all the powder to the bottom of the vial. The lyophilized product may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. The product is soluble in pure water at high micromolar concentrations (100 µM - 1 mM). For long-term storage in solution, we recommend preparing a stock solution by dissolving the product in double-distilled water (ddH2O) at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration. Divide the stock solution into small aliquots and store at -20°C. Before use, thaw the relevant vial(s) and dilute to the desired working concentration in your working buffer. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions in working buffers just before use. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles to maintain biological activity. |
| Source | Synthetic peptide |
| Species | |
| Storage | |
| Target |
Overview
Jingzhaotoxin-II is a research-grade protein/peptide reagent used in research settings. It is commonly applied as a tool reagent related to NaV Na+ Channels biology and/or assay development. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows. Researchers commonly pair it with applications such as Electrophysiology.
Key elements and design rationale
- Molecular identity: MW: 3561 Da, Formula: C154H219N39O45S7.
- Source / origin: Chilobrachys guangxiensis (Chinese earth tiger tarantula) (Chilobrachys jingzhao).
- Quality attributes: Purity: ≥98% (HPLC); Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile / endotoxin-free: No.
Modifications
Disulfide bonds between: Cys2-Cys16, Cys9-Cys21, Cys15-Cys28
When used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.
Biological background
Voltage-gated Na+ channels play a very important role in the upstroke of action potentials, forming the basis for electrical signaling in the nervous system, and control the flow of ions across plasma membrane in response to changes in voltage1. In vertebrates, nine different pore-forming Na+ channels α subunits have been characterized and cloned in cardiac myocytes, neurons, and skeletal muscle. These Na+ channel isoforms are often classified as TTX-sensitive (NaV1.1-1.4, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7) and TTX-resistant (NaV1.5, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9)2.NaV1.5, the major cardiac voltage-gated Na+ channel, plays a central role in the generation of the cardiac action potential and in the propagation of electrical impulses in the heart3.Jingzhaotoxin-II, a 32-residue polypeptide, isolated from the venom of Chinese tarantula Chilobrachys jingzhao. JZTX-II has a high affinity for the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-gated Na+ channels in cardiac myocytes. It significantly slows rapid inactivation with an IC50 value of 260 nM Although JZTX-II does not have an effect on TTX-R neuronal channels in DRG neurons it does affect TTX-sensitive Na+ currents by slowing down their inactivation4.
Research relevance and current trends
- Using high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.
- Pairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.
- Increasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.
Common research applications
- Electrophysiology: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.
Across these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Assay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.
- Target complexity: closely related family members, splice variants, and post-translational modifications can influence apparent specificity and potency.
- Matrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.
- Control concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.
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et al. (2007) Toxicon50, 646.
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et al. (2001). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.98, 7588.
Abriel, H.
et al. (2005) Trends Cardiovasc. Med.15, 35.
Wang, M.
et al. (2008) Biochem. Pharmacol.76, 1716.
