| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Activity | |
| Alternative Names | FMLP, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine, N-formyl-MLF |
| Cas No. | |
| Concentration | |
| Form | Lyophilized |
| Formulation | |
| Gene ID | |
| Molecular Weight | |
| Product Type | |
| Purity | |
| Reconstitution | |
| Solubility | Centrifuge the vial before adding solvent (10,000 x g for 5 minutes). The lyophilizate may be difficult to visualize. Add solvent directly to the centrifuged vial. Tap the vial to aid in dissolving the lyophilized product. Tilt and gently roll the liquid over the walls of the vial. Avoid vigorous vortexing. Light vortexing for up to 3 seconds is acceptable if needed. Soluble in DMSO. Prepare a concentrated stock solution by dissolving the lyophilized peptide in DMSO first (e.g., at a concentration between 100-1000x of the final working concentration). Once the peptide is completely dissolved in DMSO, slowly dilute the solution into the working buffer (or water) to the desired final working concentration. Centrifuge all product preparations before use. It is recommended to keep the DMSO concentration as low as possible. For cell assays, a final concentration of 0.1%–0.5% DMSO (v/v) is considered safe. For other experiments, a 5% DMSO (v/v) concentration is recommended. |
| Source | Synthetic peptide |
| Storage | |
| Target |
Overview
N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe is a research-grade protein/peptide reagent used in research settings. It is commonly applied as a tool reagent related to FPR1 receptor biology and/or assay development. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows. Researchers commonly pair it with applications such as Calcium imaging assay.
Key elements and design rationale
- Molecular identity: CAS: 59880-97-6, MW: 437.6 Da, Formula: C21H31N3O5S.
- Source / origin: Synthetic peptide.
- Quality attributes: Purity: ≥98% (HPLC); Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile / endotoxin-free: No.
Modifications
Met1 - N-formyl-Met.
When used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.
Biological background
Chemotactic factors from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are short peptides with N-formyl methionine at the N-terminus (extensively reviewed in reference 1). These peptides are released from bacteria during infection and activate formyl peptide receptors (FPR), members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. In humans, the FPR family consists mainly of three receptors, FPR1, FPR2/ALX (formerly FPRL1), and FPR3 (formerly FPRL2) which all couple to the Gi subtype of G-proteins and ultimately lead to the activation of phospholipase C and intracellular Ca2+ increase1,2.N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe is a selective and potent agonist of the Formyl peptide receptor (FPR1)3.In human polymorphonuclear leukocytes N-formyl-met-leu-phe activates p38 by a process involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium4. N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe increased in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 nM - 1 µM) the adherence of neutrophils to vascular endothelial cells which is the initial event in the migration of neutrophils through blood vessel walls to tissue sites of inflammation5.
Research relevance and current trends
- Using high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.
- Pairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.
- Increasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.
Common research applications
- Calcium imaging assay: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.
Across these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Assay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.
- Target complexity: closely related family members, splice variants, and post-translational modifications can influence apparent specificity and potency.
- Matrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.
- Control concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.
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