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PC3 cells, derived from the bone metastasis in a 62-year-old Caucasian male with grade IV prostatic adenocarcinoma, are a cornerstone in the study of human prostate carcinoma. The PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line is widely used for studying the molecular and cellular aspects of prostate cancer, especially in the context of metastatic disease. Their high metastatic potential makes them a valuable model for advanced prostate cancer research.
As epithelial cells, PC3 cells' lack of response to androgens and their independence from typical growth factors like glucocorticoids or fibroblast growth factors, positions them uniquely among human prostate carcinoma cells for studying the impact of koenimbin and other potential therapeutic agents.
The absence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression and low activities of testosterone-5-alpha reductase and acidic phosphatase set PC3 apart from other prostate cancer cell models like LNCaP and DU145, the former known for expressing luminal differentiation markers such as AR and PSA, and the latter representing a moderated metastatic potential of prostate carcinoma.
Furthermore, the role of the PC3 prostatic carcinoma cell line in prostate cancer stem cells research is underscored by the observation that a subset forms cancer stem cell holoclones. This characteristic makes the PC3 cell line a critical model for studying the tumor environment, particularly through xenograft models where PC3 xenograft tumors are used to investigate tumor growth and response to therapies in vivo.
In summary, PC3 cells, originating from a grade IV prostatic adenocarcinoma, serve as a pivotal model in prostate cancer research due to their high metastatic potential, unique androgen independence, and distinct cellular characteristics. Their versatility extends from molecular studies of metastasis to the exploration of therapeutic responses and the investigation of prostate cancer stem cells, making them an invaluable resource for advancing our understanding of prostate carcinoma's complexities and potential treatments.
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- Antigen expression: HLA A1, A9
- Tumorigenic: Yes, in nude mice
- Karyotype: The karyotype of PC3 cells is notable for being triploid, containing multiple chromosomal abnormalities that contribute to their aggressive nature.
- cultureMedium: DMEM:Ham's F12 (1:1), w: 3.1 g/L Glucose, w: 2.5 mM L-Glutamine, w: 15 mM HEPES, w: 0.5 mM Sodium pyruvate, w: 1.2 g/L NaHCO3 (Cytion article number 820400a)
- supplements: Supplement the medium with 5% FBS
- dissociationReagent: Accutase
- doublingTime: 40 hours
- subculturing: Remove the old medium from the adherent cells and wash them with PBS that lacks calcium and magnesium. For T25 flasks, use 3-5 ml of PBS, and for T75 flasks, use 5-10 ml. Then, cover the cells completely with Accutase, using 1-2 ml for T25 flasks and 2.5 ml for T75 flasks. Let the cells incubate at room temperature for 8-10 minutes to detach them. After incubation, gently mix the cells with 10 ml of medium to resuspend them, then centrifuge at 300xg for 3 minutes. Discard the supernatant, resuspend the cells in fresh medium, and transfer them into new flasks that already contain fresh medium.
- seedingDensity: Start with 3 x 104 cells/cm2. After cell recovery, use the seeding density of 1 x 104 cells/cm2 for the subsequent splitting steps.
- fluidRenewal: 2 to 3 times per week
- postThawRecovery: After thawing, plate the cells at 5 x 104 cells/cm2 and allow the cells to recover from the freezing process and to adhere for at least 24 hours.
- freezeMedium: As a cryopreservation medium, use complete growth medium (including FBS) + 10% DMSO for adequate post-thaw viability, or CM-1 (Cytion catalog number 800100), which includes optimized osmoprotectants and metabolic stabilizers to enhance recovery and reduce cryo-induced stress.
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