| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| Alternative names | S; 3Spike glycoprotein; S glycoprotein; E2; Peplomer protein) [Cleaved into: Spike protein S1; Spike protein S2; Spike protein S2'] |
| UniProt # | |
| Host | |
| Clonality | |
| Isotype | |
| Reactivity | |
| Applications | |
| Immunogen | Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein protein (15-344AA) |
| Conjugate | |
| Source | This product is a polyclonal antibody purified from rabbit antiserum. |
| Purification | |
| Form | Liquid |
| Storage | |
| Storage buffer | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Overview
This is a polyclonal anti-S antibody raised in Rabbit, conjugated with Biotin, with confirmed utility in ELISA. It is designed to detect S protein in Human coronavirus OC43 and supports researchers working in others contexts where consistent antibody performance is required.
Key elements and design rationale
- Immunogen: Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein protein (15-344AA) — the immunizing antigen determines the epitope region; confirm epitope compatibility with sample preparation and expected post-translational modifications.
- Host species (Rabbit): Requires anti-rabbit-IgG secondary reagents. Use matched secondaries to avoid no-signal or cross-reactivity issues.
- Polyclonal format: Recognizes multiple epitopes, providing robust signal across varied preparations and species variants. Inherent lot-to-lot variability requires appropriate controls.
- Isotype (IgG): Compatible with standard Protein A/G purification and widely supported by secondary reagents. Include an isotype-matched control at equivalent concentration.
- Purification (Protein G purification): Enriches for specific immunoglobulin classes, reducing non-specific populations and improving signal-to-noise.
- Biotin conjugate: Amplified detection via streptavidin/avidin reporters. Block endogenous biotin in biotin-rich tissues prior to staining.
Biological background
S (also referred to as S, 3Spike glycoprotein, S glycoprotein, E2, Peplomer protein) [Cleaved into: Spike protein S1, Spike protein S2, Spike protein S2']) is a protein target studied in Human coronavirus OC43 systems. Expression levels, subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications vary across cell types, tissues, and disease states — factors that influence antibody-based detection and experimental design. Consult UniProt, NCBI Gene, and primary literature for current annotation of S biology, including known isoforms, interactors, and disease-relevant expression patterns in others.
Common research applications
- ELISA: Sandwich or indirect ELISA can quantify soluble target in biological fluids or culture supernatants. Ensure samples fall within the linear detection range.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Isotype controls: Use an isotype-matched (IgG from Rabbit) control at equivalent concentration to assess non-specific background.
- Cross-reactivity: Polyclonal preparations may cross-react with related proteins or isoforms. Orthogonal validation (siRNA, KO lysate, recombinant protein) is recommended to confirm signal specificity.
- Matrix effects: Sample matrix (serum, plasma, lysate, homogenate) can affect performance. Pilot dilution linearity and spike-recovery experiments are recommended for quantitative studies.
- Species reactivity: Confirmed for Human coronavirus OC43. Extrapolation to untested species requires empirical validation given potential epitope sequence divergence.
This product is a polyclonal antibody purified from rabbit antiserum.
S is a protein target in Human coronavirus OC43 biology. This polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit is designed to detect S in ELISA applications, with IgG isotype.
This antibody is reported reactive against Human coronavirus OC43. The immunogen was derived from Human coronavirus OC43. Cross-reactivity with other species should not be assumed without documented data or empirical testing.
The supplier reports performance in ELISA. Each application requires independent dilution optimization, blocking conditions, and appropriate controls. Performance in unlisted applications requires empirical testing.
Biotin conjugation supports signal amplification via streptavidin/avidin-coupled reporters. Block endogenous biotin in biotin-rich tissues (liver, kidney) or biotin-supplemented culture media before staining.
Recommended: (1) Isotype control — IgG from Rabbit at matching concentration for non-specific background; (2) Positive control — known S-expressing cell/tissue; (3) Negative control — knockdown or knockout sample to confirm signal specificity; (4) Dilution linearity — verify proportional signal decrease to confirm quantitative linearity in your matrix.
Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.
