| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Clonality | |
| Host | |
| Immunogen | A hexadecapeptide corresponding to aa 115-130 of human TNF alpha, conjugated to thyroglobulin, was used as the immunogen for this TNF alpha antibody. |
| Isotype | |
| Product Type | |
| Purity | |
| Reactivity | |
| Storage | |
| Target |
Overview
TNF alpha Antibody is a research-use primary antibody intended for detection of TNF in experimental workflows. It is supplied in Purified format. Key antibody attributes include Mouse, Monoclonal (mouse origin), clone 4C6-H8, isotype Mouse IgM, kappa. Applications listed for this product include FACS, IF, IHC-P. Reported/annotated localization context: Cytoplasmic and extracellular (secreted). Species reactivity (as provided): Human.
Key elements and design rationale
- Target: TNF (TNF alpha) — selectivity and interpretation should be considered in the context of isoforms, post-translational modifications, and related family members when applicable.
- Format: Purified — format can influence background, multiplexing compatibility, and downstream detection strategies.
- Antibody identity: Mouse, Monoclonal (mouse origin), clone 4C6-H8, isotype Mouse IgM, kappa — these attributes help align secondary reagents and controls (e.g., isotype-matched controls) with your assay design.
- Localization: Cytoplasmic and extracellular (secreted) — expected subcellular distribution can guide band/structure interpretation and help flag off-target signal.
- Product notes (from provided description): This antibody is specific for a 17-26kDa protein, which is identified as the cytokine TNF alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha). It can be expressed as a 17kDa free molecule, or as a 26kDa membrane protein. It is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. It exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17kDa band following SDS PAGE under reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.
Where multiple assay formats are possible, align the antibody format, host/isotype, and listed applications with your detection system and controls to support clear interpretation of signal.
Biological background
In this catalog, TNF is positioned within Immunology & Inflammation, Cancer, Tumor research contexts. Localization annotations (e.g., Cytoplasmic and extracellular (secreted)) can help contextualize expected signal patterns in imaging and fractionation-based readouts. For authoritative gene/protein nomenclature, domains/isoforms, and curated functional annotations, consult resources such as UniProt, NCBI Gene, and Ensembl.
Research relevance and current trends
- Higher-plex and spatially resolved readouts (e.g., multiplex IF/IHC, spatial omics) are increasing demand for well-characterized primary antibodies with clearly stated host/isotype and labeling strategies.
- Genetic perturbation controls (knockout/knockdown) and orthogonal measurements (e.g., RNA vs protein) are commonly used to strengthen target attribution when interpreting antibody-derived signals.
- Reproducibility initiatives emphasize transparent reporting of antibody identity (clone, host, isotype) and experimental context to improve cross-study comparability.
Common research applications
- FACS: interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform/PTM differences across conditions.
- IF: interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform/PTM differences across conditions.
- IHC-P: interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform/PTM differences across conditions.
- Typical workflow themes: IHC on FFPE tissue, IF/ICC localization, Flow cytometry staining, Specificity controls.
- Workflow notes: Detect TNF by IHC in FFPE tissue sections (optimize antigen retrieval + dilution), Detect TNF localization by IF/ICC in cultured cells (optimize fixation + dilution), Quantify TNF-positive cells by flow cytometry in s…
When comparing conditions, consistent sample processing and appropriate negative/positive controls support interpretation of qualitative localization differences and quantitative abundance changes.
Notes for experimental interpretation
- Isoforms and post-translational modifications may shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility, especially across cell states or treatments.
- Species and tissue context can affect sequence conservation, expression level, and background binding; predicted reactivity should be verified in your sample.
- Control concepts include isotype-matched controls, secondary-only controls (for indirect detection), and genetic/orthogonal controls (e.g., KO/KD, independent antibodies, or RNA measurements) when feasible.
Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can differ in epitope recognition breadth and lot-to-lot characteristics; consider clonality and clone information (when provided) alongside your assay requirements. Conjugated formats may simplify detection but can change background and multiplexing behavior compared with unconjugated primaries.
Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.
