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VERO cells are widely used in developing vaccines, in the study of viral infections or malaria, and in tumor immunology and immunotherapy studies. VERO cells were derived from the kidney of an African green monkey in the 1960s by a group of Japanese scientists at Chiba University in Japan.
One of the critical characteristics of VERO cells is their rapid growth rate, with a population doubling time of approximately 24 hours. This, combined with their stability and high viral titers, makes them an ideal choice for vaccine production. As a prominent example, a Vero cell-derived vaccine for Japanese encephalitis is widely used and licensed in many countries worldwide.
Vero cells were pivotal in the development of vaccines for a plethora of infectious diseases, including the rubella virus, Ross River virus, herpes simplex virus, measles virus, and poliovirus. Vero cells are renowned for their capacity for virus production, growth, and maintenance under optimized culture conditions, making them an invaluable resource in viral vaccine production. The role of Vero cells extends to the generation of viral vectors, crucial for both vaccine development and tissue engineering applications, and virus isolation.
Different VERO cell lines, such as Vero 76 and the subclone Vero E6, offer unique characteristics suited to various research and production needs. Vero 76 cells are known for their robust growth and are widely used in vaccine production due to their high virus yield capabilities. Vero E6, on the other hand, exhibits specific properties that make it particularly useful for studying certain viruses, including enhanced sensitivity to the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2. This subclone's unique interaction with viruses makes it valuable for viral pathogenesis studies and antiviral drug screening.
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- Receptors expressed: Despite not being interferon deficient, VERO cell line possesses the interferon-alpha/beta receptor, allowing them to respond normally when recombinant interferon is added to their culture medium.
- Viruses: Verotoxin detection of virus in ground beef
- Virus susceptibility: Poliovirus 1, 2, 3, Getah, Ndumu, Pixuna, Ross River, Semliki Forest, Paramaribo, Kokobera, Modoc, Murutucu, Germiston, Guaroa, Pongola, Tacaribe, SV-5, SV40, rubeola, rubellavirus, reovirus 1, 2, 3, simian adenoviruses
- Reverse transcriptase: Negative
- Mutational profile: Vero cells have a homozygous 9-Mb deletion on chromosome 12 that results in loss of the type I interferon gene cluster and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B.
- cultureMedium: DMEM:Ham's F12 (1:1), w: 3.1 g/L Glucose, w: 2.5 mM L-Glutamine, w: 15 mM HEPES, w: 0.5 mM Sodium pyruvate, w: 1.2 g/L NaHCO3 (Cytion article number 820400a)
- supplements: Supplement the medium with 10% FBS
- dissociationReagent: Accutase
- subculturing: Remove the old medium from the adherent cells and wash them with PBS that lacks calcium and magnesium. For T25 flasks, use 3-5 ml of PBS, and for T75 flasks, use 5-10 ml. Then, cover the cells completely with Accutase, using 1-2 ml for T25 flasks and 2.5 ml for T75 flasks. Let the cells incubate at room temperature for 8-10 minutes to detach them. After incubation, gently mix the cells with 10 ml of medium to resuspend them, then centrifuge at 300xg for 3 minutes. Discard the supernatant, resuspend the cells in fresh medium, and transfer them into new flasks that already contain fresh medium.
- seedingDensity: 1 x 104 cells/cm2
- fluidRenewal: 2 to 3 times per week
- freezeMedium: As a cryopreservation medium, use complete growth medium (including FBS) + 10% DMSO for adequate post-thaw viability, or CM-1 (Cytion catalog number 800100), which includes optimized osmoprotectants and metabolic stabilizers to enhance recovery and reduce cryo-induced stress.
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