| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Source | Plant — Rutaceae Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C14H13NO2 |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Flindersine is an alkaloid reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. In diabetic rats, it increases antioxidant enzyme activity, restores renal biomarker levels, and lowers blood glucose, blood lipid, and insulin levels. It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant bacteria, dermatophytes, filamentous fungi, and yeasts, and reduces cancer cell viability while inducing apoptosis. These findings suggest it can be used in research on breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, bacterial infections, and fungal infections[1][2][3]. It is supplied as an off-white to light yellow solid (C14H13NO2, MW 227.26) at 99.80% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 523-64-8 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C14H13NO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 227.26 g/mol |
| Purity | 99.80% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | Off-white to light yellow |
| Structure Classification | Alkaloids Quinoline Alkaloids |
| SMILES | O=C1NC2=C(C3=C1C=CC(C)(C)O3)C=CC=C2 |
| Signaling Pathway | Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel; Anti-infection; PI3K/Akt/mTOR; Epigenetics; Vitamin D Related/Nuclear Receptor; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; NF-κB; Immunology/Inflammation; Apoptosis |
| Initial Source | Plant — Rutaceae Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss. |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: 100 mg/mL (440.02 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | 4°C, protect from light. In solvent: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
[1]. Moghtaderi H, et al. Flindersine from Haplophyllum tuberculatum modulates glycolysis and promotes apoptosis in breast cancer: Insights from in vitro, electrochemical, and molecular docking studies. Pharmacological Research-Natural Products, 2025: 100427.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 100 mg/mL (440.02 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 6 months) or -20°C (up to 1 month); protect from light; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
In human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, viability falls dose-dependently with Flindersine (50-200 μM; 24 h), and the effect is stronger on MDA-MB-231 cells; HUVEC viability is not affected[1]. Protein expression of GLUT1, HK2 and LDHA is downregulated dose-dependently by Flindersine (50-200 μM; 24 h) in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells respond more strongly[1]. Flindersine (50-200 μM; 24 h) brings down LDHA enzyme activity as well as intracellular ATP production, glucose uptake, and lactate production, dose-dependently, in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells; MDA-MB-231 cells show greater potency[1]. Apoptosis is induced dose-dependently by Flindersine (50-200 μM; 24 h) in the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7; the effect is stronger in MDA-MB-231 cells[1]. In vitro, moderate antibacterial activity is exhibited by Flindersine (24 h) against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 250 μg/mL); most other tested Gram-negative and drug-resistant bacteria show no activity[2]. Moderate in vitro antifungal activity is exhibited by Flindersine (0-9 days) against dermatophyte species including Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton simii, Trichophyton rubrum 57, Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton rubrum 296, against Candida albicans (a yeast), and against Magnaporthe grisea (a filamentous fungus), with MIC values ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg/mL; other tested fungi show no activity[2].
Western Blot Analysis[1]
| Cell Line | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 50, 100, 200 μM |
| Incubation Time | 24 h |
| Result | Dose-dependently suppressed GLUT1, HK2, and LDHA protein expression by 20-80% in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to control. Reduced GLUT1 expression by 65% in MDA-MB-231 cells at 200 μM. Reduced GLUT1 expression by 65% in MCF-7 cells at 200 μM. Dose-dependently reduced HK2 and LDHA expression by 25-65% in MCF-7 cells compared to control. Exerted greater effects on reducing glycolytic protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells than in MCF-7 cells. |
Apoptosis Analysis[1]
| Cell Line | MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 50, 100, 200 μM |
| Incubation Time | 24 h |
| Result | Increased the percentage of apoptotic cells from 4.25% (control) to 15.81%, 29.5%, and 43.6% in MDA-MB-231 cells at 50, 100, and 200 μM respectively. Increased the percentage of apoptotic cells from 2.1% (control) to 12.41%, 20.32%, and 34.1% in MCF-7 cells at 50, 100, and 200 μM respectively. |
In Vivo
In high-fat diet-Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats, Flindersine (20-40 mg/kg; daily administration; for 28 consecutive days) shows potent antidiabetic, lipid-regulating and antioxidant activities[3].
| Animal Model | Wistar (male, 180-200 g, high-fat diet + streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes)[3] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg; 40 mg/kg |
| Administration | daily; 28 days |
| Result | Lowered blood glucose levels. Reduced final body weight gain, plasma insulin levels, AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels. Increased total protein levels, SOD activity. Increased CAT and GPx activities. Increased GLUT4, AMPK, and PPARγ mRNA and protein expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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