| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| Alternative names | 5-Fluorouracil 2'-deoxyriboside |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C9H11FN2O5 |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Floxuridine, also known as 5-Fluorouracil 2'-deoxyriboside, is a pyrimidine analog and oncology antimetabolite. It inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and induces DNA damage by activating the ATM and ATR checkpoint signaling pathways in vitro. It is an extremely potent inhibitor of S. aureus infection and induces cell apoptosis[1][2], and it has antiviral effects against HSV and CMV[3]. It is supplied as a white to off-white solid (C9H11FN2O5, MW 246.19) at 99.97% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 50-91-9 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C9H11FN2O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 246.19 g/mol |
| Purity | 99.97% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | White to off-white |
| SMILES | OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@H](N2C(NC(C(F)=C2)=O)=O)O1 |
| Target | DNA synthesis, Bacterial, HSV, CMV |
| Signaling Pathway | Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; Anti-infection; Apoptosis |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: 125 mg/mL (507.73 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) H2O: ≥ 50 mg/mL (203.09 mM) * "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C, 3 years; 4°C, 2 years. In solvent: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 125 mg/mL (507.73 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
| H2O | ≥ 50 mg/mL (203.09 mM) | — |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 2 years) or -20°C (up to 1 year); avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
If water is used as the stock solvent, dilute to the working solution and sterilize it through a 0.22 μm filter before use.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.45 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.45 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in saline. 20% SBE-β-CD in saline: dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD powder in 10 mL saline until clear (4°C, store up to one week). |
Protocol 3
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.45 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation not determined). Use with caution if continuous dosing will exceed two weeks. For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL corn oil. |
Direct preparation of the working solution
These formulations are prepared directly, without a DMSO stock; use them promptly after preparation.
Protocol 4
| Composition | PBS |
|---|---|
| Result | 100 mg/mL (406.18 mM); clear solution; requires sonication |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
Floxuridine (0-25 μM; 4-24 hours) is influenced by PARP inhibitors, which enhance the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to it. Co-exposure to FdUrd and a PARP inhibitor markedly increases cell killing in ovarian cancer cells compared with either treatment alone[1]. Floxuridine (300 μM; 4-24 hours) raises p-Chk1 and p-Chk2 in ovarian cancer cell lines. Floxuridine may cause DNA damage and engage the ATM and ATR checkpoint signaling pathways[1]. At 0-2.5 μM for 24 hours, Floxuridine causes a G1/S-phase arrest; after FdUrd is removed, the G1/S-phase-arrested cells progress synchronously through S phase into G2/M[1]. Floxuridine also inhibits staphylococcal growth very potently (MIC, 0.025–0.00313 μM)[2].
Cell Viability Assay[1]
| Cell Line | Ovarian cancer cells |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 0-25 μM |
| Incubation Time | 4, 8, 24 hours |
| Result | Was potentiated the sensitivity by PARP inhibitors. |
Western Blot Analysis[1]
| Cell Line | OVCAR-8 and SKOV3ip cells |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 300 μM |
| Incubation Time | 4, 8, 24 hours |
| Result | Induced phosphorylation of Chk1 and Chk2 in two ovarian cancer cell lines |
Cell Cycle Analysis[1]
| Cell Line | A2780, SKOV3ip, OVCAR-5, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 μM |
| Incubation Time | 24 hours |
| Result | Induced cell arrest at G1/S-phase period. |
In Vivo
Floxuridine, given by intraperitoneal injection (0.5-1.25 mg/kg; once daily for 7 days or as a single dose), gives statistically significant protection against S. aureus infection at 0.5 mg/kg for 7 days. A single 1.25 mg/kg administration of the compound also provides statistically significant protection against S. aureus infection[2].
| Animal Model | C57BL/6 mice injected with S. aureus[2] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 0.5-1.25 mg/kg |
| Administration | once per day for 7 days or single dose |
| Result | Was a very potent inhibitor for S. aureus infection in vivo. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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