GRP78 Antibody

What it means: Target is the antigen this antibody is intended to recognize. The target on this page is GRP78.

How to interpret here: Use GRP78 as your primary “match checkpoint.” Confirm the symbol/name aligns with the protein you need to detect, and be cautious with closely related family members or isoforms that can share epitopes. Immunogen is Rat GRP78 (Bip) synthetic peptide conjugated to KLH (species: Rat). Immunogen context helps you anticipate epitope coverage and potential cross-reactivity (e.g., conserved regions vs unique segments). Clonality is Polyclonal; this can influence specificity vs sensitivity and how robust the antibody is across sample prep conditions. Reactivity is listed as Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Fungi, Hamster, Monkey, Rabbit, Xenopus, Dog. Choose a species match for your samples; treat unlisted species as requiring independent validation. Host is Rabbit—this guides secondary antibody selection and multiplex planning. Conjugate options include Unconjugated; ATTO 390; ATTO 488; ATTO 594; APC; Biotin; FITC; HRP; PCP; RPE. Conjugation changes detection strategy (direct vs secondary-based) and impacts panel design. Listed applications are WB, IHC, ICC/IF, IP. Use these as a validation scope for your workflow and sample type. Supplier notes: Detects ~78kDa.. Use these details to interpret bands/staining patterns and plan controls. Purification is Peptide Affinity Purified—purification level can influence background in sensitive assays. Concentration is 1 mg/ml; treat this as formulation information and still titrate in your assay for best signal-to-background.

Why it matters for buying:

• Specificity management: Target identity and immunogen context reduce the risk of cross-reactivity and misleading bands/staining.
• Species fit: Reactivity determines whether binding is likely in your organism and matrix.
• Workflow fit: Validation in your intended applications reduces optimization burden and failed experiments.
• Reproducibility: Clone number (for monoclonals) helps you keep results comparable over time and across labs.

Practical guidance:

• Confirm the biological form: If your study depends on a specific isoform/PTM or processed form, verify the antibody’s epitope context (immunogen/notes) aligns with that form.
• Plan specificity controls: Use known positive/negative samples and, when feasible, KO/KD/overexpression controls to confirm target-specific signal.
• Titrate for your matrix: Antibody performance is condition-dependent—optimize dilution to reduce background while preserving signal.
• Choose detection format intentionally: Use unconjugated + secondary for flexibility/amplification, or direct conjugates for faster workflows and multiplexing.

What to watch out for:

• Family-member cross-reactivity: Closely related proteins can yield off-target bands or staining; interpret multi-band patterns with controls.
• Fixation/denaturation effects: Epitopes can be masked or altered across WB vs IF/IHC; validate under your exact prep conditions.
• Cross-species assumptions: Do not assume reactivity in unlisted species without testing.

What it means: Clonality describes whether the antibody comes from a single clone (monoclonal) or a mixture recognizing multiple epitopes (polyclonal). The value shown here is Polyclonal.

How to interpret here: Use Polyclonal to choose between epitope precision vs broader epitope coverage. Clonality can affect specificity, robustness across sample prep, and lot-to-lot consistency. Polyclonals can provide stronger signal under some fixation/denaturation conditions because multiple epitopes are recognized, but batch-to-batch variation can be higher. Applications listed: WB, IHC, ICC/IF, IP. If your epitope is sensitive to fixation/denaturation, polyclonals sometimes perform better; for standardized quantitation, monoclonals are often preferred. Host is Rabbit—plan secondary antibodies accordingly. Reactivity is Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Fungi, Hamster, Monkey, Rabbit, Xenopus, Dog; clonality does not guarantee cross-species performance—validate per species.

Why it matters for buying:

• Specificity vs sensitivity: Monoclonals favor specificity; polyclonals may increase sensitivity/robustness.
• Reproducibility: Clone-defined reagents simplify long-term consistency and cross-lab comparisons.
• Assay dependence: Some assays tolerate multi-epitope binding better than others (e.g., IHC/IF vs quantitative WB).

Practical guidance:

• If you need consistency: Prefer monoclonal + clone number, and record lot information for publications.
• If signal is difficult: Consider whether multi-epitope recognition (polyclonal) could help under your prep conditions.
• Validate with controls: Use KO/KD, peptide blocking (when appropriate), or orthogonal methods to support specificity claims.

What to watch out for:

• Transfer across applications: An antibody’s clonality does not guarantee performance in every application—optimize for your method.
• Polyclonal lot variation: Revalidate when switching lots if your experiment depends on quantitative consistency.

What it means: Application(s) lists methods the supplier indicates this antibody has been used for. The value shown here is WB, IHC, ICC/IF, IP.

How to interpret here: Use WB, IHC, ICC/IF, IP as the closest available “validation scope” for your workflow. Performance is still dependent on sample type, prep conditions, and antigen abundance. Target is GRP78—plan positive/negative controls that match expected expression and localization. Reactivity is Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Fungi, Hamster, Monkey, Rabbit, Xenopus, Dog—validation may not transfer across species without testing. Clonality is Polyclonal; this can influence robustness across fixation/denaturation conditions. Conjugate options include Unconjugated; ATTO 390; ATTO 488; ATTO 594; APC; Biotin; FITC; HRP; PCP; RPE; direct conjugates can simplify IF/FC workflows, while unconjugated formats provide flexibility. Supplier notes: Detects ~78kDa.—use these to interpret expected band sizes or specificity caveats in your readout.

Why it matters for buying:

• Risk reduction: Choosing an antibody already used in your application lowers the chance of extensive troubleshooting.
• Protocol compatibility: Some methods (IHC/IF/FC) are more sensitive to background than WB—validation matters more.
• Budget efficiency: Selecting the right format up-front (unconjugated vs conjugated) avoids re-purchasing.

Practical guidance:

• WB: Confirm expected molecular weight/isoforms; interpret multi-band patterns with controls (KO/KD when feasible).
• IHC: Fixation and antigen retrieval strongly affect staining; include isotype and secondary-only controls.
• IF/ICC: Optimize fixation/permeabilization; confirm localization with compartment markers when relevant.
• IP: Binding can be buffer-dependent; use lysis conditions that preserve epitope/complex and confirm pull-down by WB or MS.
• Record conditions: Document dilution, buffer, and sample prep for reproducibility and future reorders.

What to watch out for:

• Application transfer risk: Validation in one method doesn’t guarantee success in another.
• Matrix effects: Tissue autofluorescence, Fc receptor binding, and endogenous Ig can elevate background—controls matter.
• Lot changes: Revalidate after switching lots for critical quantitative comparisons.

What it means: Host is the species the antibody was raised in. The value shown here is Rabbit.

How to interpret here: Use Rabbit to select compatible secondary antibodies/detection reagents and to plan background controls. Use anti-rabbit secondary reagents; cross-adsorbed secondaries help in multiplex panels. Conjugate options include Unconjugated; ATTO 390; ATTO 488; ATTO 594; APC; Biotin; FITC; HRP; PCP; RPE; direct conjugates may not require a secondary antibody. Reactivity is Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Fungi, Hamster, Monkey, Rabbit, Xenopus, Dog—remember: host = antibody origin; reactivity = species where the antigen is expected to be recognized. Applications listed: WB, IHC, ICC/IF, IP. Host choice matters most in IF/IHC/FC where secondary-driven background can dominate.

Why it matters for buying:

• Secondary compatibility: Host determines which secondaries and detection systems you can use.
• Multiplexing: Using primaries from different hosts can simplify multi-target staining.
• Background control: Certain sample types can bind secondaries non-specifically; host choice affects how hard background is to manage.

Practical guidance:

• Use cross-adsorbed secondaries: Helps reduce cross-reactivity in complex tissues or multiplex panels.
• Include secondary-only controls: Essential for interpreting IF/IHC background.
• Block Fc receptors when relevant: Particularly in immune-rich tissues or flow cytometry.

What to watch out for:

• Mouse-on-mouse background: Mouse primaries on mouse tissues can increase background—specialized strategies may be required.
• Subclass mismatches: Subclass-specific secondaries require a matching isotype/subclass.
• Cross-reactive secondaries: Poorly adsorbed secondaries can bind other primaries—validate multiplex reagents.