| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C24H35N3O4 |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
GSK3-IN-3 is a mitophagy inducer that promotes Parkin-dependent mitophagy and also acts as a GSK-3 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 3.01 μM. It is neither ATP- nor substrate-competitive and shows neuroprotective activity against 6-OHDA[1][2][3]. It is supplied as an off-white to light yellow solid (C24H35N3O4, MW 429.55) at 99.22% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 331963-27-0 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C24H35N3O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 429.55 g/mol |
| Purity | 99.22% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | Off-white to light yellow |
| SMILES | O=C(C1=C(N(CC)C2=C(C1=O)C=CC=C2)O)NNC(CCCCCCCCCCC)=O |
| Signaling Pathway | PI3K/Akt/mTOR; Stem Cell/Wnt; Autophagy |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: 4.17 mg/mL (9.71 mM; Requires sonication and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C, 3 years. In solvent: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Biological Activity
IC50 & Target
IC50: 3.01 μM (GSK-3)[3]
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 4.17 mg/mL (9.71 mM) | requires sonication and warming and heat to 60°C; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 6 months) or -20°C (up to 1 month); avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
In Parkin-expressing U2OS-iMLS cells, GSK3-IN-3 (VP07) (25 μM; 24 h) induces mitophagy, though with restricted potency[1]. Mitochondrial fission accompanied by a change in mitochondrial morphology results from GSK3-IN-3 (1.56-25 μM; 24 h) in U2OS-iMLS-Parkin cells[1]. GSK3-IN-3 (VP0.7) (5 μM, 10 μM;) offers neuroprotection against 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells, albeit within an in vitro cellular model of Parkinson's disease[2].
Immunofluorescence[1]
| Cell Line | Parkin-expressing U2OS-iMLS cells |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 1.56 μM, 3.12 μM, 6.25 μM, 12.5 μM, and 25 μM; |
| Incubation Time | 24 hours |
| Result | Induced a mitochondrial morphology change from a filament-shaped network to a more round-shaped network. |
Cell Viability Assay[2]
| Cell Line | SH-SY5Y cells |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 0.5 μM, 1 μM, 3 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM |
| Incubation Time | 16 hours; with 35 μM 6-OHDA |
| Result | Inhibited cell growth with an IC50 value of 2.57 μM. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated metabolic remodeling of TCA cycle promotes Parkinson's disease through inhibition of H3K4me3 demethylation. Cell Death Discov 2025 Jul 29;11(1):351. PMID: 40730642
Isoquercitrin from Apocynum venetum L. Exerts Antiaging Effects on Yeasts via Stress Resistance Improvement and Mitophagy Induction through the Sch9/Rim15/Msn Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023 Oct 31;12(11):1939. PMID: 38001792
iScience. 2025 Dec 8.
Activation of Nemo-like Kinase in Diamond Blackfan Anemia suppresses early erythropoiesis by preventing mitochondrial biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2024 Aug;300(8):107542. PMID: 38992436
