| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| Alternative names | Growth/differentiation factor 15;GDF-15;Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1;MIC-1;NSAID-activated gene 1 protein;NAG-1;NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein;NRG-1;Placental TGF-beta;Placental bone morphogenetic protein;Prostate differentiation factor;GDF15;MIC1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB; |
| Gene ID | |
| UniProt # | |
| Reactivity | |
| Applications | |
| Immunogen | Expression system for standard: CHO; Immunogen sequence: A197-I308 |
| Expression system | |
| Expression region | |
| Assay type | |
| Sample type(s) | Cell Culture Supernatant, Cell Lysate, Serum, Plasma |
| Sensitivity | |
| Detection range | |
| Assay time | |
| Storage | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Assay Principle
This sandwich ELISA quantifies human growth/differentiation factor 15 (gene GDF15) in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). Strips are pre-coated with a capture antibody. After the sample is added, a biotinylated detection antibody binds the captured protein, and an avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex supplies the enzyme. TMB develops color in proportion to the bound target; the reaction is stopped and read at 450 nm, and concentrations are read from the standard curve.
GDF15 is a distant TGF-β superfamily member that is released in response to cellular stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. It acts on the receptor GFRAL in the brainstem to reduce food intake and cause nausea. Circulating GDF15 rises in many conditions, and it is studied in metabolism, cachexia, pregnancy and cardiovascular disease.
Kit Components
| Anti-Human GDF15 Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate | 1 plate (96 wells) |
|---|---|
| Human GDF15 Standard | 2 vials, 10 ng/tube |
| Human GDF15 Biotinylated antibody (100x) | 100 µL |
| Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x) | 100 µL |
| Sample Diluent | 30 mL |
| Antibody Diluent | 12 mL |
| Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent | 12 mL |
| Color Developing Reagent (TMB) | 10 mL |
| Stop Solution | 10 mL |
| Wash Buffer (25x) | 20 mL |
| Adhesive plate sealers | 4 |
Also required (not supplied): microplate reader for 450 nm; incubator; automated plate washer (optional); precision pipettes for 0.5 µL through 1 mL volumes of aqueous solutions; multichannel pipettes (recommended for many samples); deionized or distilled water; 500 mL graduated cylinders; test tubes for dilution.
Kit components are not sold separately.
Performance Data
| Species | Human |
|---|---|
| Sample types | Cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA) |
| Assay range | 31.2 pg/mL–2,000 pg/mL |
| Sensitivity | <10 pg/mL |
| Standard | Recombinant human GDF15 (Ala197–Ile308), expressed in CHO |
| Cross-reactivity | None detected against related proteins in supplier testing |
| Intra-assay CV | 6.4–7.0% (3 samples, n = 16 each) |
| Inter-assay CV | 7.3–7.6% (3 samples, n = 24 each) |
| Format | 96 wells, removable strips |
Sample dilution: start at 1:1. In the supplier’s tests, serum and plasma samples measured 269–1272 pg/mL.
Example standard curve (OD450, pg/mL): 0 = 0.051; 31.2 = 0.116; 62.5 = 0.164; 125 = 0.261; 250 = 0.424; 500 = 0.714; 1000 = 1.201; 2000 = 1.936. Run a new standard curve on every plate.
Storage & Handling
Store at 4 °C for up to 6 months or −20 °C for up to 12 months. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Ships on gel ice and tolerates up to 3 days at room temperature; freeze on arrival.
Safety
Sample data
| Concentration (pg/ml) | 0 | 31.2 | 62.5 | 125 | 250 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 |
| O.D. | 0.051 | 0.116 | 0.164 | 0.261 | 0.424 | 0.714 | 1.201 | 1.936 |
Intra/inter assay consistency
| Intra-Assay Precision | Inter-Assay Precision | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| n | 16 | 16 | 16 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Mean (pg/ml) | 53 | 252 | 1068 | 53 | 266 | 1115 |
| Standard deviation | 3.55 | 16.12 | 74.76 | 3.92 | 20.21 | 81.39 |
| CV (%) | 6.7% | 6.4% | 7% | 7.4% | 7.6% | 7.3% |
Kit components
Description|Quantity Pre-coated 96-well strip microplate|1 Standard|2 vials Biotinylated antibody (100x)|100ul Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (100x)|100ul Sample Diluent|30ml Antibody Diluent|12ml Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Diluent|12ml Color Developing Reagent (TMB)|10ml Stop Solution|10ml Wash Buffer (25x)|20ml Adhesive plate sealers|4Materials required but not provided
- Microplate Reader capable of reading absorbance at 450nm.
- Incubator.
- Automated plate washer (optional).
- Pipettes and pipette tips capable of precisely dispensing 0.5 µl through 1 ml volumes of aqueous solutions.
- Multichannel pipettes are recommended for large amount of samples.
- Deionized or distilled water.
- 500ml graduated cylinders.
- Test tubes for dilution.
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Wenjuan Zeng et al. (2025) Chemical Affinity Capture of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Enables Efficient and Large-Scale Proteomic Identification of Prostate Cancer Biomarkers. ACS Nano. 10.1021/acsnano.5c01564
Qian Wang et al. (2024) Bitter-tasting drugs tune GDF15 and GLP-1 expression via bitter taste or motilin receptors in the intestine of patients with obesity. Molecular Metabolism. 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102002
Chunxu Lv et al. (2022) M1 Macrophages Enhance Survival and Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing GDF15-Mediated ErbB2 Phosphorylation. ACS Omega. 10.1021/acsomega.2c00571
Sendur Suleyman Nahit et al. (2022) Serum growth differentiation factor-15 levels are associated with the severity of diabetic foot ulcer. Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 10.1007/s42000-022-00408-4
Wang Huanyu et al. (2024) Increased serum carboxylesterase-1 levels are associated with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic syndrome in children with obesity. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 10.1186/s13052-024-01733-7
Firlatan Busra et al. (2024) Evaluation of the relation between subclinical systolic dysfunction defined by four-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and growth differentiation factor-15 levels in patients with acromegaly. Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 10.1007/s42000-024-00558-7
Ilkbal Temel Yuksel et al. (2018) Maternal levels of growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy. 10.1080/10641955.2018.1524477
