Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Chloroform

What it means: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles are colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles (typically 5–30 nm) composed of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and/or maghemite (Fe₂O₃). At this size range they exhibit superparamagnetism — they magnetize in an applied field but retain no remanence when the field is removed.

Why it matters:

• Superparamagnetic behavior prevents particle aggregation between uses — key for stable aqueous dispersions.
• Nanoparticle size governs MRI relaxivity, circulation time in vivo, and cellular uptake behavior.
• Surface chemistry determines aqueous dispersibility, colloidal stability, and available conjugation strategies.
• Narrow size distribution (from thermal decomposition synthesis) gives more predictable and reproducible performance than co-precipitation methods.

How to interpret here: This product is an Iron Oxide Nanoparticle format. The selected surface group and particle size are the primary selectors for application fit. Review the specification sheet for zeta potential and colloidal stability data in your intended buffer system.

Tip: Colloidal stability depends strongly on buffer ionic strength and pH. Always test the particles in your specific assay buffer before scaling up.

What it means: Particle Size refers to the mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particle in suspension. Available sizes: 10 nm–5 nm.

Why it matters:

• Nanoparticle size determines superparamagnetic relaxivity, surface area, and in vivo behavior.
• Smaller particles have higher surface area per mg — more binding sites per weight of material.
• Larger particles settle faster under gravity and separate faster with a magnet.
• Select size based on your magnetic separation speed requirements, surface area needs, and assay geometry.

How to interpret here: This product is available in 10 nm–5 nm. Smaller sizes remain suspended longer and provide more surface area per mg for conjugation or MRI contrast. Larger sizes separate faster with a magnet.

Tip: Particle size is measured by DLS (dynamic light scattering) and represents the hydrodynamic diameter, which includes surface coating — actual iron core size is smaller as shown in TEM measurements in the specification sheet.

What it means: Unmodified indicates the particle has no specific reactive surface group designed for covalent bioconjugation. These particles interact with nucleic acids through non-covalent mechanism (e.g., silica–DNA binding under chaotropic conditions, or size-selective PEG precipitation in the case of purification beads).

Why it matters:

• No activation or coupling reagents needed for intended nucleic acid capture applications.
• Nucleic acid binding and release controlled by buffer composition (binding buffer, wash buffers, elution buffer) rather than surface chemistry.
• Well suited for automated, high-throughput DNA/RNA extraction workflows.
• Predictable lot-to-lot performance because nucleic acid capture depends on buffer conditions rather than variable covalent coupling efficiency.

How to interpret here: This product is Unmodified. It is optimized for nucleic acid isolation, not covalent protein conjugation. Use it with the recommended buffer system (kit buffers or the protocol in Documents) for optimal nucleic acid recovery. Do not attempt EDC or NHS-based coupling reactions.

Tip: Check the protocol for optimal bead:sample volume ratios, lysis buffer composition, and elution temperature to maximize nucleic acid yield and purity.

What it means: Chloroform dispersion means this product is supplied as a colloidal suspension in chloroform — an organic, halogenated solvent. The hydrophobic oleic acid coating on these iron oxide nanoparticles is incompatible with aqueous media without ligand exchange.

Why it matters:

• For non-biological applications only in this format — ferrofluids, optics, lubrication, catalysis.
• Chloroform prevents nanoparticle aggregation while preserving the hydrophobic oleic acid surface.
• Phase transfer to aqueous media requires ligand exchange with amphiphilic polymers, DMSA, or other hydrophilic ligands.
• Chloroform is a class 2 solvent — handle in a fume hood with appropriate PPE.

How to interpret here: This product is dispersed in Chloroform (25 mg/mL). It is NOT ready for direct biological use — a ligand exchange step to an aqueous-compatible surface is required for biological applications. For pre-made aqueous formats, see Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Water or the functionalized nanoparticle series.

Tip: Refer to the SDS in the Documents section for full chloroform hazard, handling, and disposal information. Do not freeze — store at 25°C per the product datasheet.

What it means: Applications list the primary experimental workflows this product has been used for: MRI Imaging, Magnetic Particle Imaging, Drug Delivery, Diagnostics.

Why it matters:

• MRI Imaging: this product can directly support this workflow based on its surface chemistry and particle properties.
• Magnetic Particle Imaging: this product can directly support this workflow based on its surface chemistry and particle properties.
• Drug Delivery: this product can directly support this workflow based on its surface chemistry and particle properties.

How to interpret here: This product is suited for the listed applications. The most relevant for this product are MRI Imaging, Magnetic Particle Imaging. Review the application-specific protocol in the Documents section before beginning workflow development.

Tip: Application suitability depends on specific experimental conditions (buffer, sample matrix, target concentration). Always validate at pilot scale before full assay development.