| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Alternative names | SC 326421 |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C6H10ClN3O3 |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Oil |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Metronidazole hydrochloride, also known as SC 326421, is an orally active nitroimidazole antibiotic that can be used to research anaerobic infections. It can cross the blood-brain barrier, and long-term application results in inflammation and skeletal muscle contraction[1][2][3][4]. It is supplied as an oil (C6H10ClN3O3, MW 207.61) at 98.44% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 69198-10-3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C6H10ClN3O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 207.61 g/mol |
| Purity | 98.44% |
| Appearance | Oil |
| SMILES | OCCN1C([N+]([O-])=O)=CN=C1C.[H]Cl |
| Signaling Pathway | Anti-infection; Apoptosis |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: 100 mg/mL (481.67 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | Pure form: -20°C, 3 years; 4°C, 2 years. In solvent: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
[1]. Scully BE. Metronidazole. Med Clin North Am. 1988 May;72(3):613-21.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 100 mg/mL (481.67 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 6 months) or -20°C (up to 1 month); avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.04 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.04 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in saline. 20% SBE-β-CD in saline: dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD powder in 10 mL saline until clear (4°C, store up to one week). |
Protocol 3
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.04 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). Use with caution if continuous dosing will exceed two weeks. For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL corn oil. |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
Metronidazole hydrochloride acts on anaerobic microorganisms by passing through the cell membrane, acting reductively, interacting with intracellular targets, and releasing inactive end products, and it exerts its function through toxic nitro and nitroso derivatives[1]. Anaerobic protozoa including Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica, as well as Giardia lamblia and Balantidium coli, are inhibited by Metronidazole hydrochloride[1]. At 4-8 μg/mL, Metronidazole hydrochloride inhibits anaerobic bacteria and has good bactericidal activity[1]. Metronidazole hydrochloride (0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL; 12-96 h) triggers granular formation and apoptosis in Blastocystis sp[2].
Apoptosis Analysis[2]
| Cell Line | Blastocystis sp. Cells |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 0.1 μg/mL-0.01 mg/mL |
| Incubation Time | 12, 24, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96 hours |
| Result | Decreased cell diameter, as a hallmark of an apoptotic cell, and resulted cell shrinkage. |
In Vivo
In rats, 28 d of p.o. Metronidazole hydrochloride at 135 mg/kg/d can cross the blood brain barrier and shows neurotoxicity with long term administration[3]. Metronidazole hydrochloride (1 g/L; p.o.; 4 weeks) leads to skeletal muscle atrophy and alters the expression of genes involved in muscle peripheral circadian rhythm machinery and metabolic regulation[4].
| Animal Model | Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (200-220 g)[3] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 135 mg/kg |
| Administration | Oral gavage; once daily; 28 days |
| Result | Caused inflammatory markers increasing, including iNOS, eNOS, Bax and caspase 3 protein expressions increasing and caused oxidative stress damage in brain tissue, with MDA content rising. |
| Animal Model | SPF C57Bl/6J mice (6-7 months old)[4] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 1 g/L (full dose) |
| Administration | Oral gavage; provided with drinking water for 4 weeks, changed twice weekly |
| Result | Resulted the muscle core clock and effector genes Cry2, Ror-β, E4BP4, PP ARγ and adiponectin expression increasing. Decreased hind limb muscle weight and resulted in smaller fibers in the tibialis anterior muscle. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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