| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Alternative names | MitoParaquat |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C39H46I3N2P |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
MitoPQ, also known as MitoParaquat, is a mitochondria-targeted redox cycler that produces superoxide by redox cycling at the flavin site of complex I, selectively increasing superoxide production within mitochondria. It can be used in antioxidant research[1]. It is supplied as a brown to reddish brown solid (C39H46I3N2P, MW 954.48) at 99.14% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 1821370-28-8 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C39H46I3N2P |
| Molecular Weight | 954.48 g/mol |
| Purity | 99.14% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | Brown to reddish brown |
| SMILES | C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=[N+](C=C2)CCCCCCCCCC[P+](C3=CC=CC=C3)(C4=CC=CC=C4)C5=CC=CC=C5.[I-].[I-].[I-] |
| Signaling Pathway | Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK |
| Solubility | In Vitro: H2O: 50 mg/mL (52.38 mM; Requires sonication) DMSO: 33.33 mg/mL (34.92 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | 4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture. In solvent: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| H2O | 50 mg/mL (52.38 mM) | requires sonication |
| DMSO | 33.33 mg/mL (34.92 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 6 months) or -20°C (up to 1 month); sealed storage, away from moisture; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
If water is used as the stock solvent, dilute to the working solution and sterilize it through a 0.22 μm filter before use.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.05 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 1 mg/mL (1.05 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (10.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in saline. 20% SBE-β-CD in saline: dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD powder in 10 mL saline until clear (4°C, store up to one week). |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
MitoPQ (5 μM, 0.5 s-20 min) increases MitoSOX fluorescence in a dose- and time-dependent manner in C2C12 myoblasts[1]. In C2C12 myoblasts, MitoPQ (1-10 μM, 6 h) raises MnSOD expression at 1-5 μM and lowers it at 10 μM[1]. MitoPQ (1-10 μM, 24 h) increases HCT-116 cell death[1].
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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