| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| Alternative names | Mitozantrone dihydrochloride; NSC 301739 dihydrochloride |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Source | Endogenous metabolite |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C22H30Cl2N4O6 |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride, also known as Mitozantrone dihydrochloride or NSC 301739 dihydrochloride, is a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor that also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity, with an IC50 of 8.5 μM. It induces apoptosis of B-CLL (B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) cells and shows antitumor activity[1][2][3][4]. It also has anti-orthopoxvirus activity, with EC50s of 0.25 μM and 0.8 μM for cowpox and monkeypox, respectively[5]. It is supplied as a dark blue to black solid (C22H30Cl2N4O6, MW 517.40) at 98.98% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 70476-82-3 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C22H30Cl2N4O6 |
| Molecular Weight | 517.40 g/mol |
| Purity | 98.98% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | Dark blue to black |
| Structure Classification | Quinones Anthraquinones |
| SMILES | O=C1C2=C(C(NCCNCCO)=CC=C2NCCNCCO)C(C3=C(O)C=CC(O)=C13)=O.[H]Cl.[H]Cl |
| Target | PKC, Topoisomerase II |
| Signaling Pathway | Cell Cycle/DNA Damage; TGF-beta/Smad; Epigenetics; Anti-infection; Apoptosis; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease |
| Initial Source | Endogenous metabolite |
| Solubility | In Vitro: H2O: 100 mg/mL (193.27 mM; Requires sonication) DMSO: 31.25 mg/mL (60.40 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | 4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light. In solvent: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Biological Activity
IC50 & Target
[1][2]
|
PKC 8.5 μM (IC50) |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| H2O | 100 mg/mL (193.27 mM) | requires sonication |
| DMSO | 31.25 mg/mL (60.40 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 2 years) or -20°C (up to 1 year); sealed storage, away from moisture and light; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
If water is used as the stock solvent, dilute to the working solution and sterilize it through a 0.22 μm filter before use.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.83 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.83 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in saline. 20% SBE-β-CD in saline: dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD powder in 10 mL saline until clear (4°C, store up to one week). |
Direct preparation of the working solution
These formulations are prepared directly, without a DMSO stock; use them promptly after preparation.
Protocol 3
| Composition | PBS |
|---|---|
| Result | 2 mg/mL (3.87 mM); clear solution; requires sonication and warming and heat to 60°C |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride inhibits PKC competitively with respect to histone H1, with a Ki of 6.3 μM, and noncompetitively with respect to phosphatidylserine and ATP[1]. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride (0.5 μg/mL, 48 h) reduces B-CLL cells. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride induces DNA fragmentation and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which shows that Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride cytotoxicity results from apoptosis induction[2]. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride shows cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, with IC50 values of 18 and 196 nM, respectively[3].
In Vivo
In mice with IP implanted L1210 leukemia, Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride (IP, 0-3.2 mg/kg/day) yields a statistically significant number of 60-day survivors at 1.6 mg/kg[4]. In SC implanted Lewis lung carcinoma, Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride (IV, 0-3.2 mg/kg/day) displays effective antitumor activity and gives a 60% ILS (increase in lifespan) at 3.2 mg/kg[4].
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
Cell Assay[3]
Seed the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 in standard 96-well plates. One day after seeding, replace the culture medium with medium containing Mitoxantrone at varying concentrations (10-5 to 5 μM), with or without DHA (30 μM), and culture for 7 days. Measure overall cell viability with the tetrazolium salt assay[3].
Animal Administration[4]
Mice: Test Mitoxantrone for antitumor activity against experimental tumors in mice and compare the results with those of seven antitumor antibiotics. Administer the drugs IP or IV, generally on days 1, 5, and 9 after tumor inoculation. Give Mitoxantrone IP at the optimal dose of 1.6 mg/kg/day (as a free base)[4].
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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