| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Mfr No | |
| Alternative Names | M-CSF; CSF-1; Colony-stimulating factor 1; Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 |
| Biological Activity | |
| Endotoxin Level | |
| Expression System | |
| Form | Lyophilized powder |
| Formulation | |
| Gene ID | |
| Molecular Weight | |
| Post-Translational Modifications | |
| Product Type | |
| Purity | |
| Reconstitution | |
| Shipping | |
| Species | |
| Storage | |
| Target |
M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, CSF-1) is a master regulator of macrophage differentiation, polarization, and function. It signals through the M-CSF receptor (M-CSFR / CSF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase whose dimerization and autophosphorylation activate NF-κB, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and IL-10/TGF-β pathways. As an N- and O-glycosylated homodimeric glycoprotein, M-CSF requires correct glycan patterning and disulfide bridging for potent M-CSFR engagement.
Expressed in Pichia pastoris (K. phaffii)
MycoFold™ M-CSF is produced in a proprietary engineered yeast platform that ensures chaperone-guided protein folding, lysis-free secretion, and elimination of animal-origin inputs and bacterial endotoxin. The result is a highly pure, bioactive protein that reconstitutes in deionized water — no special buffers required.
Product Specifications
| Cat. No. | GR1003-10, GR1003-50, GR1003-100, GR1003-250, GR1003-500, GR1003-1000 |
|---|---|
| Source | Pichia pastoris (K. phaffii) |
| Structure / Form | Carrier protein-free; no affinity tags; N- and O-glycosylated homodimer |
| Molecular Weight | ~64 kDa (glycosylated homodimer, non-reduced); ~30–50 kDa (multiple glycoform bands by SDS-PAGE reduced) |
| UniProt / Gene | P09603 / CSF1 (NCBI Gene ID: 1435) |
| Purity | >98% by SDS-PAGE and HP-SEC |
| Endotoxin | <0.01 EU/µg by LAL |
| Storage | Lyophilized: ≤−20°C until expiry. Reconstituted: 2–8°C up to 4 weeks (verified stable at 108% activity at 30 days 4°C). Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Shipping | Ambient temperature; lyophilized formulation requires no cold chain |
QC & Validation
✓ Lot-specific CoA ✓ SDS-PAGE Purity ✓ LAL Endotoxin Tested ✓ Mycoplasma Tested (qPCR) ✓ BSE/TSE Statement AvailableSafety & Regulatory
| Cat. No. | GR1003-10, GR1003-50, GR1003-100, GR1003-250, GR1003-500, GR1003-1000 |
| Expression System | Pichia pastoris (K. phaffii), eukaryotic yeast |
| Protein Structure | N- and O-glycosylated disulfide-linked homodimer; lyophilized powder |
| Molecular Weight | ~64 kDa (glycosylated homodimer, non-reduced); 30–50 kDa bands (glycoform distribution, reduced) |
| UniProt / Gene | P09603 / CSF1 (NCBI Gene ID: 1435) |
| Species Reactivity | Human |
| EC50 (Activity) | <4 ng/mL (M-NFS-60 cells, 20-hr Prestoblue™ luminescence assay) |
| Specific Activity | ≥3.13×10⁵ IU/mg (~2× E. coli Peprotech; competitive with HEK-293 Proteintech) |
| Bioactivity Value | 92.1 IU/mg/$ (>3× E. coli; >48% vs HEK-293 at equivalent purity) |
| Purity | >98% by SDS-PAGE, HP-SEC, and mCE |
| Endotoxin | <0.01 EU/µg by LAL |
| Thermal Stability (Tm) | 79.2°C (Biotium GloMelt™ Thermal Shift assay, triplicate) |
| Post-Translational Modifications | N-linked and O-linked glycosylation; sialylated N-glycans |
| Reconstitution | Deionized water or PBS (pH 7.0–7.4), 0.1–5.5 mg/mL; no buffers required |
| Storage (Lyophilized) | ≤−20°C until expiry; stable 1 month at room temperature (lyophilized) |
| Storage (Reconstituted) | 2–8°C up to 4 weeks (108% activity at 30 days); −20°C extended storage |
| Shipping | Ambient temperature; no cold chain required |
Bioactivity Assay: Dose-dependent fold induction of M-NFS-60 cells (ATCC 30-2001) over 20 hr, assessed by Prestoblue™ Cell Viability luminescence. MycoFold rHu M-CSF EC50 <4 ng/mL. Compared head-to-head against Peprotech (E. coli, AF-300-25) and Proteintech (HEK-293, HZ-1192) — MycoFold achieves ~2× higher specific activity than E. coli with equivalent bioactivity to HEK-293 at 3× lower cost per IU.
Thermal Stability: Tm = 79.2°C (Biotium GloMelt™ Kit, Cat. No. 33022-T; triplicate replicates; 30–100°C scan). This exceptionally high melting temperature — 6.6°C above Goat IgG control (72.6°C) — reflects the contribution of glycosylation and disulfide bonds to thermodynamic stability. Reconstituted protein keeps at 2–4°C for up to 4 weeks.
Stability Data: Specific activity measured freshly reconstituted, after 1× freeze-thaw (130% retention), and at 30 days at 4°C (108% retention). Full stability profile documented in lot-specific CoA and comprehensive data packages.
Purity Methods: HP-SEC (Dionex Ultimate 3000; XBridge Premier Protein SEC, 250 Å, 2.5 µm; UV280); microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (mCE, GXII CaliperLS/Perkin Elmer); and SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad Precision Plus standards). Main HP-SEC peak corresponds to homodimer; SDS-PAGE shows reduced bands at ~30–50 kDa (glycoform distribution) and non-reduced bands at ~30–50 kDa.
MycoFold™ rHu M-CSF supports research across macrophage biology, oncology, neurodegeneration, and bone biology:
- Macrophage Differentiation: Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and maintenance; tissue-resident macrophage (TRM) generation including microglia and Kupffer cells
- Tumor Immunology / TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) generation and M2 polarization in cancer co-culture models; oncology & tumor microenvironment studies
- Neurodegeneration: Microglial activation and neuroinflammation models (Alzheimer's disease, MS, Parkinson's); blood-brain barrier integrity assays
- Bone Biology: Osteoclast generation from monocyte precursors; bone remodeling and skeletal metabolism studies
- Fibrotic Disease: Kupffer cell-driven hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, wound healing and tissue repair models
- Autoimmune Research: Macrophage polarization in RA and IBD models; IL-10/TGF-β regulatory pathway studies
E. coli is a prokaryotic system incapable of performing eukaryotic post-translational modifications. M-CSF is a naturally glycosylated homodimeric protein; without N- and O-linked glycosylation, the receptor-binding residues do not adopt the correct 3D orientation required for full M-CSFR engagement. MycoFold's Pichia pastoris system is genetically engineered for human-like PTMs, yielding sialylated N-glycans and O-linked glycosylation patterns that mirror the native protein and support higher specific activity and improved thermal stability.
Reconstituted MycoFold rHu M-CSF is stable for up to 4 weeks (28 days) at 2–8°C. Lot-specific stability testing confirmed 108% specific activity retention at 30 days at 4°C (relative to freshly reconstituted protein, set at 100%). For storage beyond 4 weeks, aliquot and store at −20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles — each cycle should be kept to a minimum.
Every lot is released with a comprehensive data package including: (1) HP-SEC purity (>98%) on a Dionex Ultimate 3000 / XBridge Premier SEC column; (2) microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (mCE) using GXII CaliperLS; (3) SDS-PAGE under both reducing and non-reducing conditions; (4) bioactivity testing (EC50 and specific activity by M-NFS-60 Prestoblue™ assay); (5) endotoxin by LAL (<0.01 EU/µg); and (6) mycoplasma by qPCR.
Yes. M-CSF (CSF-1) is a primary cytokine driving monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation in combination with RANKL. MycoFold rHu M-CSF, with its high specific activity and verified glycosylation, supports robust osteoclast generation protocols. Its high thermal stability (Tm 79.2°C) and 4-week refrigerated stability make it practical for multi-week differentiation timelines typical of bone cell culture experiments.
Yes. MycoFold rHu M-CSF is carrier protein-free and contains no animal-origin excipients, making it compatible with serum-free and defined culture media systems. Reconstitute in deionized water or sterile PBS (pH 7.0–7.4) and add directly to your culture medium. No BSA or HSA carrier is required.
The following customization options may be available for qualified research programs:
- Custom Lot Sizes: Quantities >1 mg available for high-volume macrophage differentiation or longitudinal studies
- Institutional Volume Pricing: Core lab and procurement office programs available — contact us for volume discount schedules
- GMP-Grade Supply: Scalable to GMP manufacturing for cell therapy and preclinical process development; BSE/TSE and sterility documentation available
- Early Evaluation Sample: Qualified researchers may request a complimentary 10 µg evaluation sample to benchmark against current supplier
Contact our scientific team to discuss your requirements.
