| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| Alternative names | Naphthazoline hydrochloride |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C14H15ClN2 |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Naphazoline hydrochloride, also known as Naphthazoline hydrochloride, is a potent α-adrenergic receptor agonist. It reduces vascular hyperpermeability, promotes vasoconstriction, and lowers levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4, IgE, GMCSF, and NGF. It can be used for research on non-bacterial conjunctivitis[1][2]. It is supplied as a white to off-white solid (C14H15ClN2, MW 246.74) at 99.38% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 550-99-2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C14H15ClN2 |
| Molecular Weight | 246.74 g/mol |
| Purity | 99.38% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | White to off-white |
| SMILES | C1(CC2=NCCN2)=CC=CC3=CC=CC=C13.Cl |
| Target | IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 |
| Signaling Pathway | GPCR/G Protein; Neuronal Signaling; Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK |
| Solubility | In Vitro: H2O: 50 mg/mL (202.64 mM; Requires sonication) DMSO: ≥ 25 mg/mL (101.32 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) * "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. |
| Storage | 4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture. In solvent: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| H2O | 50 mg/mL (202.64 mM) | requires sonication |
| DMSO | ≥ 25 mg/mL (101.32 mM) | use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 6 months) or -20°C (up to 1 month); sealed storage, away from moisture; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
If water is used as the stock solvent, dilute to the working solution and sterilize it through a 0.22 μm filter before use.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.13 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.13 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in saline. 20% SBE-β-CD in saline: dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD powder in 10 mL saline until clear (4°C, store up to one week). |
Protocol 3
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.13 mM); suspension |
| How to prepare | Gives a suspension at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). The suspension is suitable for oral and intraperitoneal dosing. For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL corn oil. |
Direct preparation of the working solution
These formulations are prepared directly, without a DMSO stock; use them promptly after preparation.
Protocol 4
| Composition | PBS |
|---|---|
| Result | 75 mg/mL (303.96 mM); clear solution; requires sonication |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vivo
In mice, Naphazoline hydrochloride (0.2 mg/kg, 10 μl per eye; IP, once) lowers histamine- or antigen-induced conjunctival vascular hyperpermeability and relieves conjunctivitis through effects on inflammation, NGF and VEGF[1].
| Animal Model | Female wild-type BALB/c mice (4-5 weeks, 18 ± 2 g, n=8/group, allergic conjunctivitis mouse model established using histamine or an antigen (ovalbumin))[1] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 0.2 mg/mL, 10 μl per eye |
| Administration | Intraperitoneal injection (IP), once |
| Result | Significantly suppressed conjunctival dye leakage in mice with histamine or antigen‑induced conjunctival vascular hyperpermeability. Reduced inflammatory reactions and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-4. Reduced the levels of IgE, GMCSF, NGF and VEGF in antigen-induced conjunctival vascular hyperpermeability mice. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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