PECAM-1 Antibody / CD31

Overview

PECAM-1 Antibody / CD31 is a research-use primary antibody intended for detection of CD31 in experimental workflows. It is supplied in Purified format. Key antibody attributes include Mouse, Monoclonal (mouse origin), clone C31.7, isotype Mouse IgG1, kappa. Applications listed for this product include FACS, WB, IHC-P. Reported/annotated localization context: Cell surface and cytoplasmic. Species reactivity (as provided): Human.

Key elements and design rationale

• Target: CD31 (PECAM-1) — selectivity and interpretation should be considered in the context of isoforms, post-translational modifications, and related family members when applicable.
• Format: Purified — format can influence background, multiplexing compatibility, and downstream detection strategies.
• Antibody identity: Mouse, Monoclonal (mouse origin), clone C31.7, isotype Mouse IgG1, kappa — these attributes help align secondary reagents and controls (e.g., isotype-matched controls) with your assay design.
• Localization: Cell surface and cytoplasmic — expected subcellular distribution can guide band/structure interpretation and help flag off-target signal.
• Product notes (from provided description): PECAM-1, or platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, also called CD31, is made up of six extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain containing serine and tyrosine residues that when phosphorylated, activate the molecules signaling function. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, bone marrow macrophage and dendritic cells precursors, and at the intracellular junction of endothelial cells. PECAM-1, on the endothelial lining of blood vessels, helps maintain the vascular barrier. In response to inflammatory mediators, the endothelial pull away from each other allowing fluid, inflammatory cells and proteins into the extravascular space. The inflammatory response fades as adhesion of neighboring cells increase. PECAM-1 also plays an important role in angiogenesis, promoting endothelial cell motility, junctional development and capillary morphogenesis.

Where multiple assay formats are possible, align the antibody format, host/isotype, and listed applications with your detection system and controls to support clear interpretation of signal.

Biological background

In this catalog, CD31 is positioned within Cardiovascular, Immunology & Inflammation research contexts. Localization annotations (e.g., Cell surface and cytoplasmic) can help contextualize expected signal patterns in imaging and fractionation-based readouts. For authoritative gene/protein nomenclature, domains/isoforms, and curated functional annotations, consult resources such as UniProt, NCBI Gene, and Ensembl.

Research relevance and current trends

• Higher-plex and spatially resolved readouts (e.g., multiplex IF/IHC, spatial omics) are increasing demand for well-characterized primary antibodies with clearly stated host/isotype and labeling strategies.
• Genetic perturbation controls (knockout/knockdown) and orthogonal measurements (e.g., RNA vs protein) are commonly used to strengthen target attribution when interpreting antibody-derived signals.
• Reproducibility initiatives emphasize transparent reporting of antibody identity (clone, host, isotype) and experimental context to improve cross-study comparability.

Common research applications

• FACS: interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform/PTM differences across conditions.
• WB: interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform/PTM differences across conditions.
• IHC-P: interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform/PTM differences across conditions.
• Typical workflow themes: Western blot validation, IHC on FFPE tissue, Flow cytometry staining, Specificity controls.
• Workflow notes: Validate CD31 by Western blot in cell/tissue lysates (include controls), Detect CD31 by IHC in FFPE tissue sections (optimize antigen retrieval + dilution), Quantify CD31-positive cells by flow cytometry in single-cel…

When comparing conditions, consistent sample processing and appropriate negative/positive controls support interpretation of qualitative localization differences and quantitative abundance changes.

Notes for experimental interpretation

• Isoforms and post-translational modifications may shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility, especially across cell states or treatments.
• Species and tissue context can affect sequence conservation, expression level, and background binding; predicted reactivity should be verified in your sample.
• Control concepts include isotype-matched controls, secondary-only controls (for indirect detection), and genetic/orthogonal controls (e.g., KO/KD, independent antibodies, or RNA measurements) when feasible.

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can differ in epitope recognition breadth and lot-to-lot characteristics; consider clonality and clone information (when provided) alongside your assay requirements. Conjugated formats may simplify detection but can change background and multiplexing behavior compared with unconjugated primaries.

Customization & Add-ons: Can’t find the antibody you need—or require a custom format for your assay? We can help you source the best match or support custom antibody solutions for diverse research needs, including species and isotype selection, conjugations and labeling (e.g., HRP/AP, biotin, fluorophores), purification grade options (Protein A/G, affinity purified), formulation preferences (buffer selection, carrier-free, glycerol-free), custom concentrations and aliquoting, low-endotoxin options for cell-based work, and application-focused QC/validation support (project dependent). Click Talk to a Scientist to submit a request, email us at support@biohippo.com, or explore our Research Services for additional support—our team will follow up with feasibility details and next steps.