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Compound Overview
Sodium Orthovanadate (Na₃VO₄, CAS 13721-39-6) is an inorganic vanadate salt that acts as a potent, competitive inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and alkaline phosphatases. It is the most widely used tool compound for preserving protein tyrosyl phosphorylation in cellular systems.
BioAssay Systems supplies Sodium Orthovanadate as a pre-activated, ready-to-use 100 mM aqueous solution. Activation converts inactive polymeric vanadate species to the biologically active monomeric orthovanadate (VO₄³⁻) form by pH adjustment, ensuring maximum PTP inhibitory efficacy.
Vanadate inhibition is competitive: VO₄³⁻ acts as a transition-state analogue for inorganic phosphate at the PTP active site. Inhibition is fully reversible by EDTA addition or dilution. Suggested working concentration: 1–10 mM in cell lysis buffer or assay buffer.
Physical Properties
| CAS Number | 13721-39-6 |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | Na₃VO₄ |
| Molecular Weight | 183.91 g/mol |
| Form | 100 mM aqueous solution (pH-activated) |
| Kit Size | 1 mL |
| Storage | −20 °C |
| Shipping | Room Temperature (RT) |
| Shelf Life | 36 Months |
Biological Activity
Target class: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs); alkaline phosphatases
Mechanism: Competitive inhibition via transition-state analogue mimicry. VO₄³⁻ occupies the catalytic active site of class I PTPs, blocking substrate dephosphorylation. Inhibition is reversible by EDTA chelation or dilution.
Selectivity note: Broad-spectrum phosphatase inhibitor; not selective for individual PTP family members at typical working concentrations. Use in combination with selective inhibitors and appropriate controls for target-specific studies.
Typical applications: Preservation of pTyr-containing substrates in whole-cell lysates and immunoprecipitation buffers; positive control in phosphatase assays; evaluation of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signaling (insulin receptor, EGFR, PDGFR pathways).
Safety & Regulatory
For Research Use Only (RUO). Not for therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical use. Sodium orthovanadate is cytotoxic at elevated concentrations — wear PPE and consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before use.
Sodium Orthovanadate (Na₃VO₄) competitively inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) by acting as a stable, non-hydrolyzable phosphate analogue. The vanadate anion (VO₄³⁻) occupies the catalytic cysteine-containing active site of class I PTPs, forming a transition-state complex that blocks substrate dephosphorylation. This inhibition is reversible and can be overcome by EDTA addition (which chelates vanadate) or by diluting below the effective concentration.
The supplied 100 mM activated stock should be stored at −20°C when not in use. Upon receipt, allow the vial to thaw at room temperature, then aliquot into single-use volumes before re-freezing. BioAssay Systems’ reagent is pre-activated (pH-adjusted) for maximum inhibitory efficacy — repeated freeze-thaw cycles can promote inactive decavanadate polymer formation and should be avoided.
The recommended working concentration is 1–10 mM in cell lysis buffer or assay buffer. For western blot and immunoprecipitation applications, a final concentration of 1–2 mM added directly to lysis buffer is typical. For phosphatase activity assays, titrate from 1 mM to determine the optimal inhibitory concentration for your specific substrate and assay conditions.
Yes. Vanadate inhibition is competitive and fully reversible. Addition of EDTA at concentrations sufficient to chelate the vanadate anion, or dilution of the reaction below the effective vanadate concentration, will restore phosphatase activity. This reversibility is useful in experimental designs requiring transient phosphatase inhibition or when enzyme activity needs to be restored after inhibition as a specificity control.
Need this reagent in a custom format for your assay pipeline? We can tailor concentration, formulation, and documentation to fit your workflow.
- Concentration options: custom molarity or volume on request.
- Documentation: batch-specific Certificate of Analysis (CoA) or SDS on request.
- Bulk ordering: volume discounts available — contact BioHippo for pricing.
Contact BioHippo to discuss your requirements.
