| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C11H15BrClO3PS |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Liquid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Profenofos is an insecticide used on field crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. It is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with associated neurotoxicity[1]. It is supplied as a colorless to light yellow liquid (C11H15BrClO3PS, MW 373.63) at 96.07% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 41198-08-7 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C11H15BrClO3PS |
| Molecular Weight | 373.63 g/mol |
| Purity | 96.07% |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Colorless to light yellow |
| Density | 1.455 g/cm3 |
| SMILES | O=P(OCC)(SCCC)OC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1Cl |
| Target | AChE |
| Signaling Pathway | Neuronal Signaling |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: 50 mg/mL (133.82 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | 4°C, protect from light. In solvent: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
[3]. El-Bendary H M, et al. Histopathological changes associated with exposure of male mice to profenofos and chlorpyrifos[J]. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2014, 4(5): 766.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 50 mg/mL (133.82 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 6 months) or -20°C (up to 1 month); protect from light; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | 2.5 mg/mL (6.69 mM); clear solution; requires sonication |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at 2.5 mg/mL. For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline) |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.69 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in saline. 20% SBE-β-CD in saline: dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD powder in 10 mL saline until clear (4°C, store up to one week). |
Protocol 3
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.69 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). Use with caution if continuous dosing will exceed two weeks. For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL corn oil. |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
Profenofos (0-7 μM, 2-70 h) is cytotoxic to human peripheral blood lymphocytes, induces chromosome aberrations including breaks, gaps, and satellite junctions, and causes single-stranded DNA breakage[2].
Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[2]
| Cell Line | human peripheral blood lymphocytes |
|---|---|
| Concentration | 0-7 μM |
| Incubation Time | 2 h |
| Result | Induced cytotoxicty. |
In Vivo
Profenofos (0.01-35 mg/kg, po, twice a week for 30-90 days) causes toxicity in the liver, spleen, brain, and kidney of mice[3].
| Animal Model | Swiss mouse model[3] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 0.01-35 mg/kg |
| Administration | po, twice a week for 30-90 days |
| Result | Liver: Caused liver congestion, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, focal inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, hepatocyte necrosis, hepatocyte hypertrophy. Kidney: Caused kidney perivascular edema, glomerular and tubular necrosis, tubular dilatation, glomerular atrophy. Spleen: Caused spleen lymphocyte tissue disorder, lymphocyte depletion, red pulp macrophage increase, hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition. Brain: Resulted in pathological changes in the brain, including meningeal hemorrhage, vascular congestion, neuronal phagocytosis, satellite phenomenon, encephalomalacia, Purkinje cell degeneration, neuronal lysis, and nerve fiber demyelination. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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Exposome-Scale Investigation of Cl-/Br-Containing Chemicals Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Multistage Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing. Anal Chem 2025 Jun 3;97(21):11099-11109. PMID: 40401576
