| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Alternative names | A2E |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C42H58NO+ |
| SMILES | |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E, also known as A2E, is a fluorophore that can be isolated from lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis, and its photoactivation mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species. It can be used in the study of retinal degenerative diseases[1][2]. It has the molecular formula C42H58NO+ and a molecular weight of 592.92 g/mol.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 173449-96-2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C42H58NO+ |
| Molecular Weight | 592.92 g/mol |
| SMILES | OCC[N+]1=CC=C(/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)CCCC2(C)C)C=C1/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C3=C(C)CCCC3(C)C |
| Signaling Pathway | Apoptosis; Autophagy; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Immunology/Inflammation; NF-κB |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: 150 mg/mL (252.99 mM; Requires sonication; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) |
| Storage | Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis. |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
[2]. S. Ben-Shabat, et al; Elucidating the Role of Pyridinium bis-Retinoid(A2E) in Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Cell Damages. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007;48(13):2201.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 150 mg/mL (252.99 mM) | requires sonication; use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
When Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) is exposed to light, it converts into at least two products. One is epoxy-A2E, which is hydrophilic and can move from the membrane into an aqueous solution. The other is an unidentified hydrophobic substance[3].
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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Kinsenoside alleviates retinal pigment epithelium cell injury in age-related macular degeneration-like retinal injury through exosome-associated modulation of JNK/MAPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2026 Oct 1:186:117139. PMID: 42468166
Utilize Metabolomics Molecular Networking to Guide the Discovery of Chemical Entities from Cordyceps militaris Against Blue Light Hazards. J Nat Prod 2026 Jul 9. PMID: 42424532
