| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Alternative names | LJN452 |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C29H25F4N3O5S |
| Purity | |
| SMILES | |
| Form | Solid |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Tropifexor, also known as LJN452, is a highly potent agonist of FXR, with an EC50 of 0.2 nM[1]. It is supplied as an off-white to yellow solid (C29H25F4N3O5S, MW 603.58) at 99.35% purity.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 1383816-29-2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C29H25F4N3O5S |
| Molecular Weight | 603.58 g/mol |
| Purity | 99.35% |
| Appearance | Solid |
| Color | Off-white to yellow |
| SMILES | FC(F)(F)OC(C=CC=C1)=C1C2=NOC(C3CC3)=C2CO[C@@H]4C[C@H]5N(C6=NC7=C(F)C=C(C(O)=O)C=C7S6)[C@H](CC5)C4 |
| Signaling Pathway | Metabolic Enzyme/Protease; Autophagy |
| Solubility | In Vitro: DMSO: ≥ 80.66 mg/mL (133.64 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO) * "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown. |
| Storage | Powder: -20°C, 3 years; 4°C, 2 years. In solvent: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Biological Activity
Activity & Target
EC50: 0.2 nM (FXR)
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with the Safety Data Sheet and your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vitro
| Solvent | Solubility | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMSO | ≥ 80.66 mg/mL (133.64 mM) | use freshly opened DMSO (absorbed moisture lowers solubility) |
Aliquot the stock solution and store it at -80°C (up to 2 years) or -20°C (up to 1 year); avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
In Vivo
Choose the formulation that suits the animal model and route of administration; percentages are volume ratios of the final working solution. Start from a clear DMSO stock (see In Vitro above), add the co-solvents one at a time in the order listed, mixing after each addition, and prepare the working solution fresh on the day of dosing. If precipitation or phase separation occurs, gentle warming or sonication can help.
Protocol 1
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.14 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300; then 50 μL Tween-80; then 450 μL saline to bring the volume to 1 mL. Saline: dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH2O and make up to 100 mL. |
Protocol 2
| Composition | 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil |
|---|---|
| Result | ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.14 mM); clear solution |
| How to prepare | Gives a clear solution at ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation not determined). Use with caution if continuous dosing will exceed two weeks. For 1 mL of working solution: add 100 μL DMSO stock (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL corn oil. |
Data provided by the manufacturer.
In Vitro
Tropifexor is a novel, highly potent FXR agonist with an EC50 of 0.2 nM. In primary cells, Tropifexor robustly induces both BSEP and SHP genes in a concentration-dependent manner. BSEP induction over the vehicle (DMSO) control appears at concentrations as low as 1 nM, while SHP is strongly induced at 10 nM (15-fold above vehicle) and modestly induced at 1 nM (3-fold)[1].
In Vivo
Tropifexor potently induces SHP and FGF15 in the ileum at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg. In the liver, SHP is robustly induced at 0.01 mg/kg of Tropifexor, with maximal gene induction reached at 0.3 mg/kg. After 14 day treatment with Tropifexor, CYP8B1 mRNA expression is apparent even at the lowest dose (0.003 mg/kg); CYP8B1 gene expression is fully repressed at doses above 0.03 mg/kg. In rats treated with Tropifexor, plasma FGF15 protein increases clearly in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal FGF15 levels detected 7 h postdose. Over 14 days of Tropifexor treatment, serum triglycerides fall robustly in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximal response at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, which lowers triglyceride levels by approximately 79% relative to the vehicle control group[1].
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
Cell Assay[1]
Plate primary rat hepatocytes in 24 well plates and incubate for 24 hours with a 5 point dose response of Tropifexor. Harvest RNA from the cells using the RNeasy 96 kit. Perform quantitative PCR. Calculate the fold change of the transcript over no stimulation using the ΔΔCt method, with DMSO (vehicle control) as no stimulation[1].
Animal Administration[1]
Use adult male wild-type Sprague-Dawley rats. Fast all animals for 3 hours before oral dosing with Tropifexor or vehicle. Administer Tropifexor orally at four doses (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) and compare directly with the vehicle control group, with vehicle being 0.5% methylcellulose, 0.5% Tween 80, 99% water, suspension. Sacrifice the animals seven hours after dosing using CO2, and collect liver, ileum and whole blood (in heparinized tubes) samples for analysis[1].
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
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A microbiota-modulated checkpoint directs immunosuppressive intestinal T cells into cancers. Science 2023 Jun 9;380(6649):eabo2296. PMID: 37289890
SIRT1 activation synergizes with FXR agonism in hepatoprotection via governing nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and degradation of FXR. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023 Feb;13(2):559-576. PMID: 36873184
Bile acid retention impairs tumoral antigen presentation and intrinsic tumor suppression in MASH-HCC. Cancer Lett 2026 Aug 28:654:218589. PMID: 42173274
Drug target discovery by magnetic nanoparticles coupled mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2021 Feb;11(1):122-127. PMID: 33717618
PPARγ and C/EBPα enable adipocyte differentiation upon inhibition of histone methyltransferase PRC2 in malignant tumors. J Biol Chem 2024 Oct;300(10):107765. PMID: 39276936
Improvement of NASH and liver fibrosis through modulation of the gut-liver axis by a novel intestinal FXR agonist. Biomed Pharmacother 2024 Apr:173:116331. PMID: 38428307
Hammerhead-type FXR agonists induce an eRNA FincoR that ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. bioRxiv 2024 Feb 8:2023.11.20.567833. PMID: 38045226
