| Field | Specification |
|---|---|
| Target | |
| CAS no. | |
| Applications | |
| Source | Plant — Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. |
| Molecular weight | |
| Molecular formula | C15H20O4 |
| SMILES | |
| Storage | |
| Shipping | |
| Catalog no. (Mfr.) | |
| Main SKU |
Compound Overview
Vulgarin is an orally active, naturally occurring eudesmane sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties among its multiple biological activities. It targets and inhibits HMGB1, NF-κB and iNOS, regulates genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis, blocks inflammatory signaling, and suppresses production and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. It alleviates pancreatic oxidative stress by lowering lipid peroxidation and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity, reverses elevated serum pancreatic enzyme levels, preserves pancreatic acinar cell integrity, and reduces pancreatic edema, hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration. It also remodels pancreatic endocrine cell function, restoring β-cell insulin content while lowering α-cell glucagon and δ-cell somatostatin levels, and can be used in studies of pancreatic injury and diabetes[1][2].
It has the molecular formula C15H20O4 and a molecular weight of 264.32 g/mol.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| CAS Number | 3162-56-9 |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C15H20O4 |
| Molecular Weight | 264.32 g/mol |
| Structure Classification | Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes |
| SMILES | C[C@]12[C@@]([C@](O)(C=CC2=O)C)([H])[C@]3([H])[C@@]([C@@H](C(O3)=O)C)([H])CC1 |
| Target | iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB |
| Signaling Pathway | NF-κB; Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolic Enzyme/Protease |
| Initial Source | Plant — Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. |
| Storage | Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis. |
| Shipping | Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere. |
Literature Cited
Sources cited in this description and in the In Vitro & In Vivo Data tab. Peer-reviewed publications that used this product are listed under References.
Safety
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, and not for human or veterinary use. Handle in accordance with your institution's chemical hygiene plan.
In Vivo
In male Wistar rats, Vulgarin (VLG) (10-20 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily on 2 consecutive days, then a single dose 24 h after reperfusion) gives dose-dependent protection against pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, easing oxidative stress and blocking the HMGB1/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway[1]. In Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Vulgarin (VGN) (10-20 mg/kg; p.o.; once daily; for 8 weeks) displays dose-dependent antidiabetic activity, and the 20 mg/kg dose combined with Glibenclamide gives the best efficacy[2].
| Animal Model | Wistar (adult male, 180-200 g, pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by occluding the splenic artery for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion)[1] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg |
| Administration | p.o.; daily for 2 days, plus a single dose 24 hours post-reperfusion |
| Result | Reduced serum amylase, lipase and TAP in a dose-dependent manner, with respective declines of 40.7%, 38.7%, 37.5% at 10 mg/kg and 70.8%, 61.7%, 65.6% at 20 mg/kg relative to ischemia-reperfusion model rats. Alleviated pancreatic MDA level while elevating GPx and MPO activities; the 10 mg/kg dose produced 35.3% MDA reduction, 2.3-fold GPx elevation and 2.9-fold MPO elevation, whereas the 20 mg/kg dose led to 64.7% MDA reduction, 4.0-fold GPx elevation and 5.3-fold MPO elevation. Suppressed pancreatic TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB contents dose-dependently. Inhibited pancreatic HMGB1 gene expression at both tested dosages. Mitigated pancreatic necrosis and inflammatory infiltration at 10 mg/kg, relieved pancreatic edema at 20 mg/kg, and ameliorated hepatic sinusoidal dilatation together with hepatic inflammatory infiltration under two concentrations. Decreased pancreatic iNOS expression at both 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses. |
| Animal Model | Wistar rats (male, 180-200 g, streptozotocin-induced diabetic)[2] |
|---|---|
| Dosage | 10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg plus glibenclamide 5 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg plus glibenclamide 5 mg/kg |
| Administration | p.o.; daily; 8 weeks |
| Result | Produced dose-dependent improvements in blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin and serum lipid profiles after 8-week 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg vulgarin monotherapy; combined treatment of vulgarin with glibenclamide further strengthened these metabolic regulatory effects, with 20 mg/kg vulgarin combined with glibenclamide restoring most indicators close to normal values. Raised pancreatic SOD, GPx and CAT activities while lowering pancreatic MDA content in a dose-dependent manner under vulgarin single administration, and the combination regimen achieved stronger antioxidant capacity and lower MDA accumulation after 8 weeks of treatment. Suppressed hepatic PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA expression against diabetic group in both single-drug groups; the combined high-dose treatment completely normalized the two gluconeogenic gene transcripts and nearly recovered pancreatic islet structure as well as β-cell quantity. |
Data provided by the manufacturer. Numbered citations refer to the Literature Cited list in the product description.
Need this compound in a format that drops straight into your assay? We can tailor formulation, chemistry, and documentation so your results stay consistent across runs and re-orders.
- Format options: solid or pre-dissolved solution (choose solvent), target concentration, aliquots, light/moisture-protected packaging
- Chemistry options: free base/acid vs salt forms, hydrate/solvate preference, stereoisomer control (single enantiomer or racemate), close analogs
- Add-on labels & handles: D/¹³C/¹⁵N isotopes (LC-MS/internal standards), azide/alkyne or other functional handles for conjugation
- QC & documentation: standard COA or enhanced analytical pack (HPLC/LC-MS/NMR), chiral purity, residual solvents, water content (KF), method-specific specs
- Scale & continuity: mg to gram scale, bulk pricing, lot reservation, repeat-order continuity
To quote quickly, tell us: compound name + CAS/structure (SMILES or mol file), intended assay context, solvent preference, salt/stereochemistry requirements, purity/QC level, and the amount (mg–g).
Can’t find the compound you’re looking for?
Send the CAS or structure and your specs. We can help source it, suggest close equivalents, or discuss custom synthesis with the right QC documentation (RUO).
